2. To apply the principles of humidification and evaporative cooling in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger-cooling tower network in the laboratory. To study the parts of an induced draft, counter flow cooling tower and their uses. To estimate the number of transfer units and height of a transfer unit of the tower ChE514L Friday 5A G12

3. 3 equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. makes use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. the purpose of a cooling tower is to conserve cooling water by allowing the cooled water to be reused many times

4. ChE514L Friday 5A G14

5. 5

6. 6 Frame and casing Fill (Packings)NozzlesFans Drift eliminatorAir Inlet (Louvers) Cold Water Basin

7. ChE514L Friday 5A G17 ADVANTAGE - achieve water temperatures below the temperature of the air used to cool it. - smaller and cheaper for the same cooling load DISADVANTAGE - risk of water fouling - risk of water-borne organisms

8. ChE514L Friday 5A G18 PARAMETERS: 1. Wet bulb temperature of air 2. Dry bulb temperature of air 3. Inlet water temperature 4. Outlet water temperature 5. Exhaust air temperature 6. Electrical readings of pump and fan motors 7. Water flow rate 8. Air flow rate

9. ChE514L Friday 5A G19 Range – difference between water inlet and outlet temperature. Approach – difference between the water outlet temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature. Effectiveness – ratio between the actual range and ideal range (Range / (Range + Approach). Cooling Capacity – heat rejected (mCpΔT) Evaporation loss – water quantity evaporated for cooling duty. Liquid/Gas ratio – ratio between the water and air mass flow rates.

10. ChE514L Friday 5A G110

11. ChE514L Friday 5A G111 Boiler

12. ChE514L Friday 5A G112 Cooling Tower

13. ChE514L Friday 5A G113 Heat Exchanger

14. ChE514L Friday 5A G114 Water Tank

15. ChE514L Friday 5A G115 Anemometer

16. ChE514L Friday 5A G116 Digital Thermometer

17. ChE514L Friday 5A G117 Tape Measure

18. ChE514L Friday 5A G118 Mercury Thermometer with Cotton

19. ChE514L Friday 5A G119 1-L Beaker

20. ChE514L Friday 5A G120 Safety and Preliminary Star-Up Experimental Proper Shutdown

21. ChE514L Friday 5A G121 Check the equipment to be used – Operating parameters should be within operational specifications – Should have prior knowledge with the system before operating – Simultaneous operation with the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and boiler

22. ChE514L Friday 5A G122 Be careful with the use of movable ladder. When climbing, there should always be a support at the bottom. Open the windows and exhaust fan to maintain proper ventilation

23. ChE514L Friday 5A G123 Before starting up the Boiler, there must be coordination with the Tunnel Drier group Picture sana ng tunnel drier group HAHA

24. ChE514L Friday 5A G124 Prepare the Data table for efficient data gathering Prepare all necessary measuring instruments to be used Special handling of the measuring instruments should be considered

25. ChE514L Friday 5A G125 1. Check the Catch Basin before turning on the main switch, it should be at least ¾ full of water 2. Open the water inlet valve in the boiler and the main source of diesel fuel

26. ChE514L Friday 5A G126 3. Switch on the main switches in the following order: 1, 2 then 3, 4 1 for Water Pump Boiler 2 for Control Panel Boiler 3 for Water Pump Tank 4 for Cooling Tower

27. ChE514L Friday 5A G127 4. Turn on the Boiler -note: the safety button should be pressed down -run for 15 to 20 minutes to achieve steady state

28. ChE514L Friday 5A G128 5. Open steam valve to start the experimental proper (don’t forget the tunnel drier group) Be sure that everything is ready before starting the experimental procedure.

29. ChE514L Friday 5A G129 Heat Exchanger must be in steady state before gathering data. CONSTANT

30. ChE514L Friday 5A G130 AIR CONDITIONS t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 t6t6 Entering Dry-bulb Temperature Wet-bulb Temperature Exit Dry-bulb Temperature Wet-bulb Temperature WATER CONDITIONST1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 T5T5 T6T6 Entering Temperature Exit Temperature FLOW RATES Water Entering Volumetric Rate Exit Mass Flowrate Air Entering Velocity Exit Velocity Measure every 10 minutes until steady state is attained ( ± 0.5 difference between any three consecutive data. )

31. ChE514L Friday 5A G131 AIR CONDITIONSt1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 t6t6 Entering Dry-bulb Temperature Wet-bulb Temperature Exit Dry-bulb Temperature Wet-bulb Temperature

32. ChE514L Friday 5A G132 WATER CONDITIONST1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 T5T5 T6T6 Entering Temperature Exit Temperature

33. ChE514L Friday 5A G133 FLOW RATES Water Entering Volumetric Rate Exit Mass Flowrate Air Entering Velocity Exit Velocity

34. ChE514L Friday 5A G134 1)Switch off: - Boiler - Water pump in boiler - Diesel - Breaker 1 and 2 2) Wait for 15 – 20 minutes for all the steam to condense 3) Switch off Breaker 3 and 4

35. ChE514L Friday 5A G135 Diameter of tower198 cm Height of Packing, Z134 cm Ambient Room Temperature 28 0 C

36. ChE514L Friday 5A G136 AIR CONDITIONS t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 t6t6 t7t7 t8t8 t9t9 t 10 Entering Dry-bulb Temperature, 6 C30.73330.23131.130.131.231.631.2 Wet-bulb Temperature, 6 C28.5242628 2928 Exit Dry-bulb Temperature, 6 C2929.828.830.330.630.330.430.530.6 Wet-bulb Temperature, 6 C24.5232428 WATER CONDITIONST1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 T5T5 T6T6 T7T7 T8T8 T9T9 T 10 Entering Temperature, 6 C36394041424343.543 43.5 Exit Temperature, 6 C3033343536 FLOW RATES Water Entering Volumetric Rate70 Time to fill 1000 L Beaker, s1.430.591.281.431.611.511.551.561.691.53 Air Entering Velocity0.618.817.917.868.838.078.118.648.658.29 Exit Velocity

37. ChE514L Friday 5A G137 AIR CONDITIONS t1t1 t2t2 t3t3 t4t4 t5t5 t6t6 t7t7 t8t8 t9t9 t 10 Entering Dry-bulb Temperature30.73330.23131.130.131.231.631.2 Relative Humidity Exit Dry-bulb Temperature2929.828.830.330.630.330.430.530.6 Relative Humidity WATER CONDITIONST1T1 T2T2 T3T3 T4T4 T5T5 T6T6 T7T7 T8T8 T9T9 T 10 Entering Temperature, T L2 ( o C)36394041424343.543 43.5 Exit Temperature, T L1 ( o C)3033343536 FLOW RATES Water Entering Volumetric Rate70 Exit Mass Flowrate, L (kg/s) 699.3071694.91781.25699.300621.118662.251645.161641.025591.716653.594 Air Entering Velocity0.618.817.917.868.838.078.118.648.658.29 Exit Velocity

38. ChE514L Friday 5A G138

39. ChE514L Friday 5A G139 Boiler shutdowns Have a consistent pattern in recording data Hot / bring extra clothes Free sauna Flashlight for flowrate Don’t hesitate to ask.

40. ChE514L Friday 5A G140