1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Chapter 24 The Origin of Species

2. Fig. 24-1 How did this flightless bird come to live on the isolated Galapagos Islands?

3. Fig. 24-4b What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic barriers? Prezygotic barriers Habitat Isolation Temporal Isolation Behavioral Isolation Mechanical Isolation Individuals of different species Mating attempt Prezygotic barriers Gametic Isolation Fertilization Reduced Hybrid Viability Reduced Hybrid Fertility Postzygotic barriers Hybrid Breakdown Viable, fertile offspring

4. Fig. 24-4c Explain how this snake is an example of habitat isolation. (a) Water-dwelling Thamnophis

5. Fig. 24-4e Explain how this skunk is an example of temporal isolation. (c) Eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius)

6. Fig. 24-4g Explain how this boobie is an example of behavioral isolation. (e) Courtship ritual of blue- footed boobies

7. Fig. 24-4h Explain how these snails are an example of mechanical isolation. (f) Bradybaena with shells spiraling in opposite directions

8. Fig. 24-4k Explain how this sea urchin is an example of gametic isolation. (g) Sea urchins

9. Fig. 24-4l Explain how this salamander subspecies in an example of reduced hybrid viability. (h) Ensatina hybrid

10. Fig. 24-4o Explain how this mule is an example of reduced hybrid fertility. (k) Mule (sterile hybrid)

11. Fig. 24-4p Explain how this strain of cultivated rice is an example of hybrid breakdown. (l) Hybrid cultivated rice plants with stunted offspring (center)

12. Fig. 24-5 What is the difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation? (a) Allopatric speciation (b) Sympatric speciation

13. Fig. 24-6 Explain how these squirrels represent allopatric speciation. A. harrisi A. leucurus

14. Fig. 24-9b how would the results have changed if in each generation a few flies from the starch population had been placed in the maltose population and vice versa? Explain your prediction. RESULTS Female Starch Maltose population 1 population 2 Male Starch Maltose Male Starch population 1 population 2 22 820 918 12 15 Mating frequencies in experimental group Mating frequencies in control group

15. Fig. 24-11-4 Why is this referred to as allopolyploidy? Species A 2n = 6 Normal gamete n = 3 Meiotic error Species B 2n = 4 Unreduced gamete with 4 chromosomes Hybrid with 7 chromosomes Unreduced gamete with 7 chromosomes Normal gamete n = 3 Viable fertile hybrid (allopolyploid) 2n = 10

16. Fig. 24-12 If changing the light to orange had not affected the mating behavior of the cichlids, how would the researchers’ conclusion in this study have changed? EXPERIMENT Normal light Monochromatic orange light P. pundamilia P. nyererei

17. Fig. 24-17 Compare and contrast the two patterns of change. (a) Punctuated pattern (b) Gradual pattern Time