1. U NIT 3: A NIMAL A NATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

2. 3.1 O RGAN S YSTEMS The human body is structured into systems. What systems can you think of? Circulatory / Cardiovascular Digestive Respiratory

3. 3.1 O RGAN S YSTEMS

4. Systems made up of cells similar in shape and function that work together are called? Tissues Organs Organ systems Organs with related functions (physiology) or structures(anatomy) working together are called? When different type of tissues form and work together, they are called?

5. M ONITORING O RGANS X-ray photograph – pass through soft tissue to see bone. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan – information about soft tissue as well as bone. Distinguish between gases, liquids and solid tissues. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx-0emi4m8shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tx-0emi4m8s 3 min video

6. M ONITORING O RGANS CON ’ T Nuclear imaging – provide info about function of organs. Use radionuclides (unusable atoms that emit rays of energy). Can show damaged areas. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – does not use any external radiation (safer). Provides info on structure and function using spinning motion of atoms motions of the atomic nuclei. You tube MRI Machine – 2 min video

7. 3.2 Endoscopic Surgury Read Together pg 167

8. 3.3 C ONTROL AND C OORDINATION : T HE C ENTRAL N ERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

9. H OMEOSTASIS Homios : same Stasis: standing still Homeostasis: The maintance of a healthy balance of all chemical reactions in an organism. What 2 organ systems are primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis? Nervous system and Endocrine system How do our bodies create homeostasis? Respond to change in numerous ways…

10. E NVIRONMENT Internal environment: everything inside an organisms body External environment: everything outside an organisms body

11. N ORMAL RANGES pH- 7.35- 7.45 Heart Rate (HR) - 72 beats per minute or (50 – 100) Breathing Rate – 16 – 20 breaths per min Body temperature – 36.2 – 37.5 degrees Celsius Body is exposed to cold – below 36.2 - Shiver - decrease blood flow to extremities - increase HR Body temperature above 37.2 - increase blood flow - relax muscles - increase perspiration

12. C HECK YOUR HR AND BR Take HR for 15 sec – multiply by 4 Average – 13 - 22 Take BR for 30 sec – multiply by 2 Average 8 - 10 Temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius 93.2 - 34 95 - 35 96.8 - 36 98.6 - 37 100.4 - 38 102.2 - 39

13. H OMEOSTASIS

14. E XERCISE, M EALS AND S LEEP : E FFECTS ON THE B ODY

15. E NDOCRINE S YSTEM Endocrine System: Organ system that regulates internal environmental conditions by secreting hormones into the bloodstream. Special chemicals called hormones play a major role in homeostasis: Regulate and coordinate functions of organ systems Hormone: a compound released by one type of cell that has an effect on other cells of the body Glands : an organ that secretes hormones

17. H ORMONES SECRETED IN THE BLOODSTREAM REACH ALL CELLS THEY ONLY AFFECT TARGET CELLS

19. B ASIC S TRUCTURE OF A N EURON