1. What is the Cost of Lost Water? AWWA / RCAP Small Systems Operator Training Columbus, Ohio May 24, 2016 AWWA / RCAP Small Systems Operator Training us, Ohio May 24, 2016 AWWA / RCAP Small Systems Operator Training Columbus, Ohio May 24, 2016

2. Lost Water? Do You Know Where Your Water is Going?

3. Lost Water? Do You Know How Much Revenue You Are Losing?

4. Lost Water? Are You Tracking All Your Water? Lost Water Rule of Thumb Water sent to system – Water Billed

5. Lost Water? Estimated that in the U.S., we lose 1.7 Trillion Gallons of Treated Drinking water every year. (2011 USGS study) An estimated 237,600 water main breaks every year in the U.S. Nearly 700 water main breaks every day Almost 30 breaks each hour.

6. Water Loss  Survey of the 10 largest water supply utilities in the 8 Great Lakes States was conducted in 2012 * * CNT (Center for Neighborhood Technology) partnering with AWWA and Alliance for Water Efficiency

7. Water Loss Control  CNT Survey Findings Indicated…  71% have No Policy addressing the Control of Water Loss in their system  Over 50% have No Goal or benchmark  67% do not report their conditions publically

8. Water Lost in Your System  Do you have a written policy for lost water?  Have you established a goal or benchmark for an acceptable loss of water?  Do you publicly report your conditions?

9. What’s the Real Cost of Lost Water?  Cost to produce  Supply – increased source capacity, additional wells and land  Pumping & Equipment – electrical cost - increased maintenance - increased wear – decreased asset life span  Treatment – increased use of chemicals & monitoring  Distribution – increased pipe size – low pressure – fire protection issues  Capacity – customers may need to pay to expand facilities when not necessary $ $ $ Water Loss…… Becomes..… a Liability

10. What’s the Real Cost of Lost Water?  Sewer System Issues  Additional pumping and treatment costs – Energy  Paying to treat clean water  Could result in need for additional sewer system capacity  Repair Costs  Location – backyard vs street  Time of day – Working hours vs overtime  Outside contractors $ $ $

11. What’s the Real Cost of Lost Water?  Property Damage  Roads – washouts – vehicle damage  Buildings – washouts – flooding  Pipe and equipment  Negative publicity  Service Interruption  Inconvenience to customers  Boil advisories  Increased monitoring costs  Possible contamination  Loss of water sales  Negative publicity

12. Really Bad Day! Officials “Turned a blind eye” to warning signs… alleges former manager. Water Board Faces Grand Jury Over Fatal Sink Hole Incident

13. Water is either consumed or lost! All water can be accounted for by metering or estimation Beneficial consumption Wasteful loss No water is truly unaccounted for

14. What is Non-Revenue Water? Non-Revenue (NRW) is distributed water not reflected in customer billing Formerly referred to as “Unaccounted for Water (UAW) Total NRW = Unbilled Authorized Consumption + Real Losses + Apparent Losses

15. What is Non-Revenue Water? Apparent Losses o Customer meter inaccuracies o Billing system data errors o Unauthorized Consumption Reducing Apparent Losses increases revenue (but does not recover lost volume) Real Losses o Physical Losses o Consists of leakage and storage overflows Reducing Real Losses recovers volume

16. NRW Effects on Local Utilities Treated water loss of 10% to 35% Potential Revenue losses of 5% to 25% Unnecessary Capital Costs for additional Treatment and Transmission System Capacity Increased Water Rates to Cover Losses

17. Reducing these Losses Important the water utility determines the impact to the system from apparent and real losses. Develop a strategy that takes into account the resources and economic benefits of containing these losses.

18. Controlling Apparent Losses Customer Meter Inaccuracy o Meters retain accuracy over long periods of continuous use, but can lose accuracy quickly once they reach a certain age. o Inaccurate meters tend to under-register consumption. o Usage trends should be monitored to help identify meters that have lost accuracy.

19. Controlling Apparent Losses Systematic Data Handling Errors o Errors in meter reading. May be caused by…  Access limitations to meters.  Human error in transposing readings. o Errors in billing reports. o Policies and Procedures.  Do some customers go unmetered or unbilled?  Do all customers exist in billing system?

20. Controlling Apparent Losses Unauthorized Consumption o Customers stealing service! Establish clearly defined policies to deal with water service provisions and means to detect common breaches in the supply. o Results in wasted resources and revenue loss. o Often results in cost being passed along to paying customers.

21. Controlling Real Losses Responding to reported leaks in system o Utilities that employ reactive leak response most likely have excessive leakage that never will be effectively contained. Controlling leakage effectively requires having: o A proactive leak management program o Means to identify hidden leaks o Optimize repair functions o Upgrade piping infrastructure as useful life ends

22. Controlling Real Losses Active Leak Control o Seeking hidden leaks using leak detection survey Speedy, Quality Repairs Water Main Rehabilitation and Replacement Pressure Management o Most effective for systems with high levels of background leakage.

23. What To Do Next?

24. Develop a NRW Action Plan Determine Financial Impact to Utility System Revenues. Identify budgeted funds available to address NRW issues. Develop an effective approach and Action Plan for your Utility.

25. NRW Action Plan Considerations Comprehensive Water Audit Leak Detection Program Meter Accuracy/Replacement Program Account Coding/Billing Analysis Customer Classification Analysis Identification of Unmetered Connections

26. What is a Water Audit? Water Audit examines the flow of water from the source of treatment through its treatment facility and distribution system to the customer. The Audit is a cost-effective way for utilities to examine all aspects of distribution, operation and performance. IWA/AWWA has developed a water balance table to illustrate the components of accounted water.

27. IWA/AWWA Water Balance Chart Water Imported Own Sources Total System Input ( allow for known errors ) Total System Input (allow for known errors) Water Supplied Water Exported Water Supplied Water Exported Authorized Consumption Billed Authorized Consumption Apparent Losses Real Losses Water Losses Revenue Water Billed Water Exported Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Metering Inaccuracies Systematic Data Handling Error Leakage on Mains Leakage on Service Lines Leakage & Overflows at Storage Non- Revenue Water Unbilled Authorized Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

28. Additional Tools to Assist AWWA has a the Water Loss Software that may be downloaded from the AWWA.org website – FREE Ohio RCAP has a very easy to use Non-Revenue Water Analysis Worksheet that may be downloaded from the website ohrcap.org – FREE

29. Who you gonna call?  AWWA–American Water Works Association (awwa.org)  RCAP-Rural Community Assistance Program (ohiorcap.org)  ORWA- Ohio Rural Water Association (ohioruralwater.org)  IWA – International Water Association (iwahq.org)

30. Questions?