1. Silicon Photomultiplier development for astroparticle physics applications
H. Miyamoto, M. Teshima,
B. Dolgoshein, R. Mirzoyan, J. Ninkovic
Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

2. Contents SiPM (G-APD, MPPC, etc…)
Toward the application to astroparticle physics (UV sensitivity, PDE, and so on..)
Recent “UV” SiPM status for our experiments
Measurements and preliminary results
Summary & Outlook
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

3. SiPM/G-APD/MPPC SiPM for TESLA By Dolgoshein et al. MEPhI
SPE measurement
Gain ~106
Ubias = 30~70
P=50μW/mm2
Npixel 400~14400
Insensitive to Magnetic field
High Photon Detection Efficiency
PDE = Fill factor x QE x Geiger eff.
SiPM for TESLA
By Dolgoshein et al. MEPhI
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

4. MAGIC, CTA, and JEM-EUSO JEM-EUSO MAGIC/MAGIC II Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

5. Toward the application of SiPM to astroparticle physics experiments
PDE for UV region (Cherenkov, Fluorescence) is essential
Temperature dependence
Gain : breakdown voltage, over voltage
Dark rate
Fluorescence
Chrenkov
337.1
Peak : Ze0
(Depens on Ze)
357.7
315.9
391.4
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

6. UV sensitive SiPMs (for our measurement)
Hamamatsu (MPPC)
3x3 mm2, 4x4 array
MPI-HLL (SiMPL)
3x3mm2
MPI-MEPhI
(Dolgoshein SiPM)
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
3x3mm2

7. Hamamatsu MPPC array UV sensitive Commercial product device.
3x3 mm2: 4x4 16ch array!!
UV sensitive
Commercial product device.
Hamamatsu :
Very large area 4x4 16ch array of 3x3mm2
had been developed!
256ch array prototype camera testing on a
telescope is on going!
Very large area module!
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

8. UV sensitive Dolgoshein SiPM
Clean entrance window with using Ultra pure Si & High energy implantation technique!
-> High PDE, Low Dark Rate expected!!
•PDE up to ~55%!! (65%~70% in the future) •Optical crosstalk suppression!!
3x3mm2
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
E.N.F.（=Excess Noise Factor) = > 0.97±0.05

9. SiMPL (MPI-HLL) Details are in J. Ninkovic’s talk in this conference!
HLL-MPI :
SIMPL (Bulk resistor type SiPM)
• Wafer is ready and tested.
Less Optical Crosstalk
• UV region
even without antireflective coating!
-> PDE ~61% with antireflective
coating in next batch!!
30x30 arrays
10x10 arrays
6mm
Fill factor 75%
150μm pitch
20μm isolation gap
Transmittance 90%
Geiger Efficiency 90%
Total PDE ~61%
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

10. Thermostatic Chamber@ -5C
PDE measurement
Setup
Power Supplies
69.4V
39.3V
-1150V
1.2V
Func.Gen.
@ 2kHz
DC/DC converter
Thermostatic -5C
UV Diffuser
Sync.
Sig.
UV fiber optics
1mm2 core 
Detectors
SBA-PMT
UBA-MAPMT
Dolgoshein
SiPM
MPPC
Preamp
LED
Preamp
310nm ~ 450nm
DAQ
RC circuit
(Differenciator)
4ch
Digital
Oscilloscope
Ch1
Preamp
Ch2
Ext. Trigg.
Ch3
Ch4
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
Preamp

11. Setup LED (310 nm ~ 450nm) Agilent Function generator (33250A @ 2kHz)
UV Tunable Laser 2kHz,
full wavelength -> future work)
•Edmund Optics UV transparent fiber optics
(0.22NA, 1mm core)
•UV Fused Silica diffuser
•Digital Oscilloscope (LeCroy WavePro 7300A
3GHz Dual 20GS/s)
•Temperature Box with Ar -5C
Hamamtsu
R8900U-08-M36-MOD
1 inch 36ch UBA MAPMT
(with 3mm x 3mm slit)
Hamamtsu
R10408-MODULE
1 inch, SBA PMT
(Calibrated)
(with 3mm x 3mm slit)
Hamamtsu
MPPC
3x3mm2, 100U
Dolgoshein SiPM
3x3mm2, 100U
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

12. Analysis : Counting method ex. MAPMT histogram
Pedestal
1PE peak
Pedestal
PE # calculate with Counting :
# of scaled pedestal events
Using possibility of
Poissonian
P(λ>0)=-ln(Nped/Nall)
Signal
After subtraction
Pedestal
(scaled)
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

13. UV sensitive SiPMs PDE measurement (@-5C)
Photon Detection Efficiency
D-SiPM
MPPC
UBA-MAPMT
Preliminary!!
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

14. Temperature Dependence of SiPM/MPPC Gain
By Hamamatsu Catalogue
constant bias voltage
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

15. Circuit design V={(Rc•Rt)/(Rc+Rt)} x(V0/Rt - Isi)
(thermistor) Ra
Isi~4x10-7A V Rc
50Ω
MPPC array
Thermistor : Resistance of thermistor at temperature of T[K] :
R = R0*exp{B(1/T-1/T0)}
B : (B value)
R0: resistance of temperature of T0[K]
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

16. Simulation and Measurement
V={(Rc•Rt)/(Rc+Rt)}
x(V0/Rt - Isi)
R = R0*exp{B(1/T-1/T0)}
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

17. Gain vs Time (Static Measurement)
±~0.1%/℃!!
-18℃ <= T[℃] <= -8℃
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

18. Gain vs Time (Dynamic measurement)
±~0.5%/℃
-18℃ <= T[℃] <= -8℃
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

19. RC circuit (Differentiator, optional)
SiPM (especially Hamamatsu MPPC) has a very wide pulses (~50ns of FWHM)
300Ω + -
Sig. Out
100pF
50Ω
50Ω
FWHM~50ns
FWHM~15ns
GND
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

20. Prototype camera for a Cherenkov telescope
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

21. 150cm 60cm diameter CAEN VME 64ch Digitizer 64/256ch MPPC camera
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
CAEN VME 64ch Digitizer

22. Readout with CAEN 64ch VME module
Example of LED events
Readout with CAEN 64ch VME module
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

23. Summary & Outlook Summary
UV sensitive SiPMs are promising to be an ideal sensor for Imaging Cherenkov and fluorescence telescopes.
Preliminary results of PDEs, studies of Gain stability with a thermistor circuit, and of shaper circuit (differentiator).
We developed a 256ch prototype camera with array of Hamamatsu 16ch (4x4 matrices of 3mm x 3mm SiPM) MPPC and tests are ongoing.
Outlook
More detailed and precise study of measurements above, especially temperature (overvoltage) dependence are necessary.
Observation of Cherenkov events from CR airshower and
estimation and fundamental study of the camera efficiency.
Develop a camera module for MAGIC-II telescope
Space-qualified design for JEM-EUSO
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

24. End
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik

25. Mounting structure for
Outlook
Telescope with MPPC array camera
Mounting structure for
detector module
f = 1500 mm
Vacuum chamber with
Cooled SiPM array and
Entrance window
3x3 mm2 16chx16 MPPC array
d = 750 mm
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
Spherical mirror with
d = 750 mm, f = 1500 mm

26. PDE measurement setup (Light source) UBA-MAPMT vs MPPC vs Dolgoshein vs MAGICII-PMT
Nd:YAG (SHG, 532nm)
Prism
(beam splitter)
(Infra) Red, Blue, UV
Fiber Optics
Ti:Al2O3 ((Infra)Red)
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik
detectors

27. PDE measurement setup (Detectors) UBA-MAPMT vs MPPC vs Dolgoshein vs MAGICII-PMT
Temperature Box
@ -5C with Ar gas
D-SiPM
3x3 mm2
(100um)
Calibrated
UBA-MAPMT with 3x3 mm2 hole
-5C!
Hamamtsu 1 inch Calibrated SBA-PMT for MAGIC II with
3x3 mm2 hole
Diffuser
MPPC
3x3 mm2
(100um)
Fiber Optics
Hiroko Miyamoto
MPI für Physik