1. GRAPES https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QJ09TGy9kchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6QJ09TGy9kc Thought Bubble

2. Geography

3. Indus River Settlement

4. Geography Fertile river valleys along Ganges and Indus Rivers Himalaya Mountains protect north Civilizations rise 2500 BCE – First are Harappa & Mohenjo Daro

7. Monsoon Season

8. Religion

9. Hinduism & Buddhism Hinduism – Developed through old texts called Vedas – Monism: unity of God & creation Buddhism – Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) 500s BCE – Four Noble Truths/Eightfold Path

10. Achievements

11. Early Achievements Pictograph writing – nobody knows meaning

12. Cities

14. Achievements Art & architecture influenced by religion – Stupa= shrine Advanced math: infinity & zero Astronomy: 7 planets, Earth’s rotation Inoculation & hospitals

15. Nalanda University

16. Stupa

17. Stupa: Boudhanath in Kathmandu, Nepal

19. Political Structure Originally ruled by priest-kings Later Raja (chief) ruled – Royal council – Military leader, lawmaker, judge

22. Rural v. Urban Economies Agriculture: cotton, wheat, barley, rice, cattle, sheep Cities produced cloth, pottery, jewelry Traded w/ Mesopotamia!

23. Society

24. Cities had a citadel & bath!

25. Cities Carefully planned Citadels provided protection, storage Stored food=constant threats? Harappa – 2-story homes – Indoor bathrooms – Garbage chutes – Sewers – Paved streets

26. Harappa

28. Indian Society Influenced by religions Women not equal to men Caste System

30. Caste System: Varnas (Social Classes) c. 1500 BCE-500 CE

31. India Today

32. Independent in 1947 1.2 Billion people (2 nd largest pop.), 7 th largest in size

33. -Agriculture still relies on monsoons -Developing technology

34. Hinduism is the largest religion in India today.

35. The most popular sport is cricket!