1. Chapter 7 Atomic Structure and Periodicity

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–2 QUESTION

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–3 ANSWER 4)ultraviolet light. Section 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation (p. 275) As the energy of the light increases, the wavelength of the light decreases.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–4 QUESTION

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–5 ANSWER  5– 2)4.12 10 s 1 Section 7.1 Electromagnetic Radiation (p. 275) The smaller the frequency of light, the longer the wavelength.

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–6 QUESTION

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–7 ANSWER 5) 1, 2, and 3 Section 2.5 The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction (p. 49) These three observations were noted by Ernest Rutherford giving him clues to the nature of the atom and the existence of the nucleus.

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–8 QUESTION

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–9 ANSWER  19 hc 3)3.61 10 – J. Section 7.2 The Nature of Matter (p. 277) Energy of the photon =/.

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–10 QUESTION

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–11 QUESTION (continued)

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–12 ANSWER 1) n = 4 to n = 3 Section 7.4 The Bohr Model (p. 284) As the energy levels get further apart, the energy of the photon emitted as the electron drops from the higher energy level to the lower energy level increases.

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–13 QUESTION

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–14 QUESTION (continued)

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–15 ANSWER n 2)a, c Section 7.4 The Bohr Model (p. 285) Photons are emitted as an electron goes from higher to lower, and photons are absorbed as an electron goes from lower to higher n.

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–16 QUESTION

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–17 QUESTION (continued)

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–18 ANSWER - 3)It does not adequately predict the ionization energy of the valence electron(s) for elements other than hydrogen. Section 7.4 The Bohr Model (p. 285) The Bohr model does not take into account electronelectron repulsion, so it cannot be used for atoms or ions with more than one electron.

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–19 QUESTION

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–20 ANSWER 4)the shape of the corresponding atomic orbital(s) Section 7.6 Quantum Numbers (p. 293) The shape of the atomic orbitals is determined by the quantum number l.

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–21 QUESTION

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–22 QUESTION (continued)

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–23 ANSWER – 3) When filling orbitals of equal energy, two electrons will occupy the same orbital before filling a new orbital. Section 7.5 The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom (pp. 290293) Electrons are charged and tend to keep as far from each other as possible.

24. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–24 QUESTION

25. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–25 ANSWER lf l 1)0 Section 7.7 Orbital Shapes and Energies (p. 295) For n = 3, can be 0, 1, or 2. An orbital has an = 3.

26. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–26 QUESTION

27. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–27 ANSWER – 1)The continuous spectrum of hydrogen contains only four discrete colors. Section 7.2 The Nature of Matter (pp. 277284) There is no theoretical limit to the number of lines in the spectrum of hydrogen since n can have values from 0 to infinity.

28. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–28 QUESTION

29. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–29 ANSWER l nm l 2)4 Section 7.6 Quantum Numbers (p. 293) Orbitals are designated by m. For = 2, has four values.

30. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–30 QUESTION

31. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–31 ANSWER 2 - 2)[Xe] 6 s Section7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table (p. 302) [Xe] denotes a shorthand version of the electron configuration for Xe. Noblegas configurations are used to reduce writing time.

32. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–32 QUESTION

33. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–33 ANSWER lm l ––– 3)14 Section 7.6 Quantum Numbers (p. 293) For = 3, =3,2,1, 0, 1, 2, 3 and each of these orbitals can hold two electrons.

34. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–34 QUESTION

35. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–35 QUESTION (continued)

36. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–36 ANSWER ln 1)Option 1 Section 7.6 Quantum Numbers (p. 293) can have values of 0 to– 1.

37. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–37 QUESTION

38. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–38 ANSWER 5)Na Section 7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties (p. 309) Sodium has only one electron in its outer shell. Once this has been removed the next electron must come from the core electrons, requiring a tremendous increase in energy.

39. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–39 QUESTION

40. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–40 QUESTION (continued)

41. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–41 ANSWER   – 5)  Section7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table (p. 302) N ion has an extra electron that must be paired. It is isoelectronic with oxygen.

42. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–42 QUESTION

43. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–43 ANSWER 5)none Section7.11 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table (p. 302) Atoms in the same group have the same number of valence electrons. None of the sets of atoms have members all from the same group.

44. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–44 QUESTION

45. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–45 ANSWER. 3)greater than 735 kJ/mol Section 7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties (p. 309) The second ionization energy is always greater than the first, because the next electron is no longer leaving a neutral atom, but one with a +1 charge.

46. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–46 QUESTION

47. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.CRS Question, 7–47 ANSWER 4)P Section 7.12 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties (p. 309) Ionization energy increases moving up a group and moving right along a row.