1. In at least 3 sentences, describe what you are thankful for today

2. 8 th Grade S.S. Miss Perry 2-3 April 2012

3. Nationalism is devotion and loyalty to one’s country. Typically, it develops among people who share a common language and religion and who believe that they share a common history or culture. What did it do in the 1800s?? -led to independence movements in Latin America -led to Europe creating own nations

4. People in Europe who were conquered by Napoleon in the early 1800s resented French domination. -wanted to rule themselves, not answer to foreign rule -wanted to unite with others who shared their language, beliefs, and customs Supported nation-states, self-governing countries made up of people with a common cultural background

5. Various groups in Europe wanted to rebel against foreign control. Some succeeded, some failed… -Greece won independence from Ottoman Empire in 1829, but revolutions in 1848 all failed -Hungarian and Czech nationalists in the Austrian Empire were defeated -Italians and Germans also failed to form own countries. Would succeed later

6.  Early 1800s- Italy was divided into separate states.  Austria ruled in north, Bourbon family in Sicily, Pope around Rome Nationalism grew=Italians wanted to unify as one country! After failed attempts to unify, Cavour became PM of Sardinia. Fought a war that drove Austrians north.

7.  Then…Garibaldi gathered followers and overthrew gov’t in Sicily.  Garibaldi and Cavour join lands together  1861-Italy becomes a united kingdom  10 years later, Rome becomes capital city

8.  Germans were spread out and wanted to be unified  Prussia was the larges of the German states.  Austria was its closest rival. 1860s: Otto von Bismarck (PM of Prussia) built a strong army and won wars against Denmark and Austria in hopes to create a unified Germany.

9.  Next step: war against France  Southern German states sided with Prussia.  Won a victory and united permanently  German Empire was announced in 1871  King Wilhelm of Prussia became emperor  Concentrated on building a strong military and economy