1. 3.8-3.10 Lipids Pg. 40-41 Objective: I can identify and classify different types of lipids based on their molecular structure and relate it to my health and nutrition

2.  Functions (2)  Stores energy for long-term (than carbs)  Forms barriers against water (insoluble)  Atoms: C, H, O (more C-H than O)  More energy-rich C-H bonds to break  Nonpolar (C less electronegative than O) Hydrophobic Includes: C 6 H 12 O 6 C 30 H 50 O 6 Fats, oils, waxes, steroids (hormones)

3.  Made of two types of subunits  “Monomer” 1 = fatty acid (long hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group at end: ~16~18 carbons)  “Monomer” 2 = glycerol (short molecular “backbone”)  “Polymer” = triglyceride (triacylglycerol) ▪3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol http://www2.nl.edu/jste/fat.swf http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/lipidcondensation.html https://smartsite.ucdavis.edu/access/content/user/00002950/bis10v/ media/ch02/triglyceride.html Note: carbon wants bonds4

4.  Saturated fats (unhealthier) (solid) (animals)  All internal carbons have 2 hydrogen (full!)  Only single bonds between carbons  Unsaturated fats (healthier) (liquid) (plants)  Not all internal carbon has 2 hydrogen (not full)  At least 1 double bond between carbons Monounsaturated fats vs. Polyunsaturated fats Note the kink in the chain (based on fatty acid) health?state?organism? Carbon wants bonds4

6. Can pack tightly Cannot pack tightly “hydrogenate fat”

7.  Formed from unsaturated fat  If singled hydrogen on same side, then cis- ▪Bigger “kink”  If singled hydrogen on opposite side, then trans- ▪Smaller “kink” Trans-fat is bad because it increases BAD cholesterol (LDL) and decrease good cholesterol (HDL) – How? Not sure… (by hydrogenation)

8.  Used to form cell membrane (IMPORTANT!)  Part polar (phosphate group) hydrophilic  Part nonpolar (hydrocarbon chain) hydrophobic  End up as water barrier

10.  Made of 4 carbon rings w/ H-C  Most are hormones (messenger)  Special type of steroid = cholesterol ▪Embedded in cell membrane Necessary for health, but… Don’t have too much and… More HDL, less LDL

11.  Unsaturated Fats are most healthy  Fish oil, plant oil  Saturated Fats (+too much cholesterol) cause atherosclerosis a.k.a. ateriosclerosis  Build up of plaque in arteries (heart attack)  Trans-Fat is *technically* a type of unsaturated, but is BAD for you…  Increase LDL cholesterol  also causes atherosclerosis  BTW, Butter vs. Margarine? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG_ybdk1VaE