1. Surgery of The Eye Ocular Therapy by Dr. Nimer Khraim DVMS, MVSc

2. Ocular Therapy Cleaning solution  Its used for washing or flashing the conjunctival and remove of the secretion  Like normal saline, boric acid 1%

3. Ocular Therapy Stimulant and stringent  Its used to contract the tissue and produce precipitation of action of protein, and used for all type of conjunctivitis  Like zinc sulfate + boric acid, 1% sulfure nitrate, copper sulfate

4. Ocular Therapy Disinfectant  These can be eye drop, used in the conjunctival sac  It can be also cauterizing agent used in case of ulcer  Like pure carbolic acid, trichloroacetic acid 2-5%

5. Ocular Therapy Mydriactics  It used for dilation of the eye pupile, used in examination of eye  Like Atropin 1%

6. Ocular Therapy Miotic  Used to reduce the size of pupile and also to decrease the intra ocular p. like in case of glucoma  Like esirine 0.5%, bilocarpine 1-2%

7. Ocular Therapy Steroid  Used in either alone or compination with antibiotic  Dexamethazone

8. Affection of Eyelid

9. Ablepharon  Its complete abcenese of eyelid Ankyloblepharon  Its fusion of eyelid which commonly occur in puppies and kitten  The eyelid must separated up to 14 days

10. Affection of Eyelid Coloboma  Its abcense of eyelashes Symblepharon  Its fusion of 2 conjunctiva

11. Affection of Eyelid Trichaisis  Inward turning of eyelashes Distchaisis  Present second raw of eyelashes and more common in upper eyelid

12. Affection of Eyelid Entropian  Its inversion of eyelide inside eye ball  Symptoms: irritation of eye, irritation of conjunctiva and cornea with excessive lacremation, photophobia, and ulceration of cornea   Treatment: elliptical skin incision and sutute by simple interrupted

13. Affection of Eyelid Ectropian  Eversion of eyelid, expose of conjunctiva to the light, F.B……etc.  it most commonly occur in small animal

14. Affection of Eyelid  Symptoms: lacremation and discharge, continuous flow of teardrops, engorged conjunctiva and may keratitis Skin incision as V-shape and suture the skin Skin incision as V-shape and suture the skin

15. Affection of Eyelid Chalazion  Its firm, painless granumelatous swelling on the upper eyelid due to occlusion of tarsal gland  The mass can be seen in conjectiva or in surface of eyelid  Treatment: excision

16. Affection of Eyelid Hordeolum  Acute staph infection of sabecious gland of the eyelid  The eye usually red, painful and lacremation  Treatment: antibiotic ointment

17. Affection of Eyelid Blepharitis  Its inflammation of eyelid may result due to infection and inflammation  The eyelid become thick, edematous and redness

18. Affection of Eyelid Dacrocystitis  Inflammation of lacrimal sac occur due to sequlele of chronic conjectivitis or obstruction of naso-lacrimal duct  Its very common in horse and cattle but rarly occur in dog  Treatment: flashing the naso-lacrimal duct using normal saline under local analgesia

19. Affection of third eyelid

20.  The most common neoplasm is squamous cell carcinoma and fibrosarcoma  Treatment: resection of the third eyelid under local analgesia  Bleeding can be controlled by adrenaline or copper sulfate

21. Affection of conjunctiva

22.  Change in color due to active hyperemia or due to irritation of eyelid  Chemosis: edematous congectiva  Echemosis: hemorrhage in conjectiva

23. Affection of conjunctiva Dermoid cyst  Its involve only the conjunctiva or present just below the skin  Treatment: excision

24. Conjunctivitis

25. Conjunctivitis  The most common dis of the eye Classification  Acute catarrhal  Chronic catarrhal  Acute purulent  Chronic purulent

26. Conjunctivitis Secondary occur due to  Lacrimal occur due to obstruction in lacrimal duct  Kerato-conjunctivitis  Allergic  Endogenous toxin

27. Conjunctivitis Symptoms  The most common type is acute or chronic catarrhal  Lacremation  Congestion  Photophobia

28. Conjunctivitis  The eye become red in color  Mucoid or purulent discharge  In case of purulent the symptoms is more sever and usually associate with staph infection

29. Conjunctivitis Treatment  Irrigation with worm normal saline  Antibiotic ointment  Antihistamine

30. Keratitis

31. Keratitis  Its inflammation of cornia and usually combined by:  Loss of translucence  Ciliary infection  Ulceration  Vascularization

32. Keratitis Symptoms  Pain  Blepharospasm  Lacremation  Photophobia

33. Keratitis Classification of keratitis  Superficial  Deep  Ulcerative (cornial ulcer)  Pigmentary

34. Keratitis Corneal ulcer  The most common in animal and usually due to trauma  There is defect I the epithelium and loss of translucence  Usually combined by necrosis

35. Keratitis Symptoms  Lacremation  Photophobia  Blepharospasm  Congestion  Ocular discharge

36. Keratitis Treatment  Antibiotic ointment with steroids  In some cases: cauterization (silver nitrate with vit. A)  The most effective treatment are sub- conjunctival antibiotic with steroids

37. Keratitis  Better if fixation of the third eyelid with lateral canthas  After 10 days remove the suture