1. Water Resources Groundwater

2. Key definitions Zone of aeration – soil and rock are less saturated (some pores contain air) Zone of saturation- pores contain only water Porosity- dependant on size, shape, and degree of compaction Permeable/impermeable- permit or obstruct water flow

3. Key definitions Aquifer- a rock layer that is permeable to groundwater flow Aquiclude- body of rock that does not conduct water

4. Water table Water table- the upper limit of the water that collects in the zone of saturation Basically just the border between the saturation zone and the aeration zone

5. Groundwater Characteristics

6. Worlds largest aquifer High Plains Aquifer How did it form?

7. Water Withdrawal by Sector

8. Global Water Scarcity

9. Well issues…

10. GROUND WATER POLLUTION

11. Water Resources Surface Water

12. Surface Water has two primary pathways once it falls onto Earth: -overflow  RUNOFF! -movement into ground (infiltration and percolation) Places with large amounts of rainfall typically have large amounts of runoff

13. Annual Global River Runoff

14. Drainage Basin Drainage divide- ridges or mountains that separate where precipitation drains –The Appalachian Mountains separate the East from the Central US

15. A Drainage Basin

16. Watershed Watershed- The water receiving area of a drainage basin

17. Drainage Basins

18. Streamflow Characteristics Stream Discharge Q (quantity of H 2 O produced) = width x depth x velocity

19. Stream Transport Streams transport sediment in several ways—all depend on the velocity of stream: –Dissolved load (solution): water appears clear but contains dissolved salts or other substances –Suspended load: water carries material along—usually brown muddy looking water –Bed load: large and heavy particles are pushed along the bottom (bed)

20. Fluvial Transport

21. Three Types of rivers Braided—lots of excess sand and sediment Straight—generally flow downhill and have little curve Meandering—large curvatures, snake like appearance that is constantly changing

22. Braided River Channel

23. Meandering Stream Profile

24. OXBOW LAKE

25. Oxbow lakes How do these lakes form? –SHORTEST PATH TO THE OCEAN!

26. Meandering Stream Development

27. Itkillik River, Alaska

28. Carter Lake, Iowa

29. Floodplains Floodplain- the flat, low-lying area flanking a stream channel that is subjected to recurrent flooding

30. Floodplain Features

31. River Deltas River delta- the mouth of a river is where it reaches base level, at this point the river slows and the depositional plain that forms is known as the delta Called ‘delta’ because of its shape

32. Ganges River Delta

33. Nile River Delta

34. Mississippi River Delta