1. Human Impacts Part 2- Watersheds

2. What’s a Watershed? An area of land that drains into a common body of water

4. What’s separates watersheds? Ridges of higher land.

5. Where does surface runoff from Idaho flow?

6. What is the difference between Point Source and Nonpoint Source Pollution? Nonpoint = water pollutants carried by runoff over land and into lakes and rivers. Hard to identify source because it comes from a large area Point = water pollutants discharged from a pipe into lakes and rivers. It can be located easily.

7. What are common types of nonpoint-source pollution? Point Source: Sewage treatment plants Industrial plants Storm drains Farms Landfills Non-Point Source: Roads Soil erosion Runoff from lawns Runoff from golf courses Construction sites Deforestation Agriculture

8. What causes the water to flow toward the water body on the watershed model? Gravity causes the water to flow downhill because it is higher on each edge and slopes toward the water body.

9. What do think would happen to the quality of the water as it runs off the parking lot around the Industrial site and flows toward the water body? The water quality will decrease as the water flows across the surface picking up more and more natural and human-made pollutants

10. Label the following either “PS” for Point Source or “NPS” for Nonpoint Source pollution NPS PS

12. What is a BMP (best management practice)? structural, vegetative, or management practices designed to prevent or reduce water pollution from reaching a stream, river, or lake.

14. Forestry Leave a 50-100 foot buffer along the stream channel to filter out contaminants in runoff and prevent streambank erosion.

15. Homes Use fertilizers and pesticides on lawns sparingly or not at all. Leave shrubs and trees with expansive rooting systems and abundant plant cover on the ground along a stream or river, rather than replacing with 100% grass, which is far less effective at holding soil in place during periods of flooding.

16. Construction Sites – Place erosion control fabric on streambanks to prevent sediment from reaching the stream (also called silt fences).

17. Urban Areas – Provide a settling basin to prevent runoff from parking lots from washing directly into a stream and allowing time for the runoff to infiltrate into the ground where soil can naturally filter the contaminants.

18. Farming/crops – Seed a cover crop or leave crop stubble to hold the soil in place over the winter and during snow melt Leave shrubs and trees with expansive root systems and plant cover on the ground along a stream or river to hold soil during periods of flooding or heavy rain.

19. Livestock grazing – Build a concrete-lined pit to safely store manure and later spread on fields leave shrubs and trees along the stream or river to slow runoff, filter pollutants, and hold soil in place.

20. Motorized recreation – Do not drive All Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) through wetlands, along lakeshores, or through streams and rivers. ATVs can damage plants, compact soils, cause erosion, and result in sediment reaching lakes and rivers.

21. Leading Sources of Water Quality Impairment to Rivers (MICHIGAN*) 1.Physical stream alterations (e.g. channelization or straightening) 2.Agriculture (crop runoff and animal feedlots) 3.Sediment 4.Industrial Point Source 5.Habitat modification (loss of streamside riparian vegetation) 6.Combined sewer overflows 7.Municipal Point Source 8.Construction Leading pollutants: organic compounds, pathogens, sediment, mercury, low dissolved oxygen, nutrients, metals (copper, chromium) * 2004 Water Quality and Pollution Control in Michigan: 20004 Sections 303(d) and 305(b) Integrated Report, MI DEQ Water Division, page34.

22. How can we reduce or prevent pollution ? BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) …are designed to control, prevent, remove, or reduce pollution. Three BMP categories: 1. Structural Practices oGrass or rock-lined drainage ditches. oFence livestock away from stream oSedimentation basin for parking lot runoff 2. Vegetative Practices oCover crops oLeave tree and shrub “buffer strips” along streams 3. Management Practices oNo till farming (don’t plow) oRotate pastures used for livestock grazing oNo grazing, logging, or building houses right next to a stream

23. *Fill in your student sheet as you view the slides Identify the land use shown in the photo? Identify what type of pollutants might result from the land use (shown in the photo) and possibly affect the water quality of a nearby stream? Look at the following slides

24. #1

25. Bill Taft #2

26. #3

27. #4 Dickinson Conservation District Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

28. #5

29. #6

30. #7

31. #8 Michigan Department of Environmental Quality

32. After the Storm

33. Identify the BMPs shown in the following photo’s Best Management Practices

34. Photo #1

35. Photo #2

36. Photo #3

37. Photo #4

39. Photo #6

40. Photo #7

41. Photo #8

45. Rain Garden