1. APES- Chapter 3 Highlights Ecosystem Ecology

2. Warm Up You have 5 minutes to finish your anchor chart from yesterday one person from each “team” post an image of your group’s chart to the APES Facebook page. Questions from yesterday? Syllabus? Lab Safety Rules?

3. Key Ideas List the basic components of an ecosystem Describe how energy flows through ecosystems Describe how carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycle within ecosystems Explain how ecosystems respond to natural and anthropogenic disturbances Discuss the values of ecosystems and how humans depend on them

4. Ecosystem- Defined Distinguished by – A particular set of biotic and abiotic factors – May have clear boundaries, but may not – How energy flows and matter cycles

5. Why are ecosystems important? Make a list of services provided by ecosystems…. For example: Produce materials for clothing

6. Why are ecosystems important? Make a list of services provided by ecosystems…. Produce foodoxygennitrogen fixation Filter Watercool breezes/shadeart Pretty viewscarbon sequestrationrecreation Places to hikeattract pollinators Lumberform rich soilsreligious Medicinespest controlspecies diversity

7. Distinguished by a particular set of biotic and abiotic factors Examples: What are some important differences between the following pairs of ecosystems – Desert vs. Tundra – Rainforest vs. Conifer Forest – Lake vs. Ocean

8. Distinguished by a particular set of biotic and abiotic factors The two most important abiotic factors are Water availability and Temperature Most other biotic and abiotic factors are dependant on these two – Soil formation – Plants – Animals – Rates of decomposition

9. How energy is processed Nearly all the energy that powers ecosystems comes from the sun Autotrophs perform Photosynthesis to make carbohydrates (Know the inputs/outputs of matter and energy transfers/transformatio ns AND the chemical equation!)

10. How energy is processed Autotrophs and Heterotrophs use the energy in carbohydrates to make ATP during cellular respiration (again…know inputs/outputs, transfers/transformations, heat loss, chemical equation) Each time energy is passed from one trophic level to another, 90% is transformed to heat. Only 10% is reaches the next tropic level.

11. Productivity (measuring energy) Gross primary productivity (GPP)- amount of energy captured by autotrophs Net primary productivity (NPP)- amount of energy available to the ecosystem GPP – respiration by autotrophs = NPP Can be measured using any output of photosynthesis…..such as?

12. How matter cycles You need to know WELL all of the bio-geo- chemical cycles – Water (Hydrologic) (easy….this is from middle school) – Carbon (got this in Biology) – Nitrogen (Hardest…yes you need to know all of the terms) – Phosphorus (Hard, but easier than Nitrogen)

13. How matter cycles You also need to know what causes each cycle to increase or decrease….in general: – Warmer temperatures increase chemical reactions such as weathering, dissolving and decomposing – Colder temperatures decrease chemical reactions – More water increases chemical reactions and increases the number of biotic factors – Less water decreases chemical reactions and decreases the number of biotic factors

14. Warm Up List as many examples as you can Biotic FactorsAbiotic Factors