1. Economy & Society Economy & Society in Antebellum America 1820 - 1860

2. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

3. Eras of Transportation River Era1790s-1820s River Era1790s-1820s Canal Era1825-1840s Canal Era1825-1840s Railroad Era1850s-1940s Railroad Era1850s-1940s Automobile Era1920s-present Automobile Era1920s-present

4. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

5. 1. Steamboats –Robert Fulton –Clermont (1807) Impact on transportation and trade Robert Fulton’s Clermont plies the Hudson River

6. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION 2. Canals Had effect on transportation and trade patterns

7. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION Principal Canals in 1840 Roads and Canals, 1820-1850

8. Paths of Northern Migration after 1800

9. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION 3. Railroads a)Promoted national trade and economic growth b)Promoted the growth of other industries Iron Coal Telegraph c) Encouraged farmers to specialize d)First great corporations in US – model for later large businesses

10. TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION

11. Mohawk And Hudson Railroad’s Dewitt Clinton

12. CHANGES IN SOCIAL/CLASS STRUCTURES

13. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Factory System Rise of Corporations Technological Innovations Labor

14. BEGINNINGS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Samuel Slater - Father of Factory System Built 1 st textile Mill in US

15. Early Textile Loom Boarding Houses

16. INVENTIONS & INNOVATIONS Patents Approved: 1800: 41 1860: 4,357 Patents Approved: 1800: 41 1860: 4,357 Americans were willing to try anything They were first copiers, then innovators

17. (Actually invented by a slave) Eli Whitney: The Cotton Gin, 1791

18. Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory Interchangeable Parts Rifle

19. John Deere & the Steel Plow

20. Samuel F. B. Morse 1840 – Telegraph

21. Cyrus Field & the Transatlantic Cable, 1858

22. Elias Howe & Isaac Singer 1840s Sewing Machine

23. Distribution of Wealth The gap between rich and poor was widening. During the American Revolution, 45% of all wealth was in the hands of 10% of the population. 1845 Boston – the top 4% owned over 65% of the wealth. 1860 Philadelphia – top 1% owned over 50% of the wealth

24. WORKFORCE & LABOR Skilled artisans vs. unskilled workers working class Immigrant work force The Factory Girl’s Garland February 20, 1845 issue.

25. POPULATION GROWTH, IMMIGRATION AND NATIVIST REACTION

26. POPULATION GROWTH 1775 2.5 Million 1790 4 Million 1820 10 Million 1840 17 Million 1860 32 Million

27. POPULATION GROWTH Causes Natural increase Immigration Immigration to the United States, 1820-1860

28. Immigration Major immigrant groups Irish Germans English National Origin of Immigrants: 1820 - 1860 Immigration to the United States, 1820- 1860

29. Participation of Irish and German Immigrants in the New York City Workforce for Selected Occupations, 1859

30. The distribution of foreign-born residents of the United States in 1860.