1. CYRANO DE BERGERAC Mr. Lorentzen English II

2. Background Information SETTING This play is set in France between the years of 1640 and 1655. Throughout the play, France is involved in the Thirty Years’ War, fought against the Holy Roman Empire.

3. Background Information AUTHOR This play was written by Edmond Rostand in 1897. At the time, France was involved in the Industrial Revolution. Realism dominated the arts, but Rostand was part of the neo- romanticist movement. Edmond Rostand

4. Background Information ROMANTICISM First became popular during the late 18 th century. Stresses intense emotion and expression. Focuses on the individual and his/her rebellion against social conventions. Lots of action and sensationalism. Why do you think this movement emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

5. Terminology Protagonist: the main character of a story Foil: a character that contrasts with the protagonist Highlights various aspects of the protagonist’s personality Often has something in common with the protagonist, as well

6. Cyrano de Bergerac The protagonist of the play Intelligence: Described as a poet, swordsman, musician, and philosopher… basically, a really smart and witty guy Physical Appearance: Cursed by an abnormally large nose… and he’s really sensitive about it!

7. Christian de Neuvillette A foil for Cyrano Intelligence: Not the brightest crayon in the box Physical Appearance: Considered incredibly handsome

8. Cyrano and Christian Occupation: They’re both cadets (noble soldiers) in the French army Love interest: They’re both in love with Roxane

9. Characterization Direct Characterization: A straightforward description of a character’s personality Indirect Characterization: When the character’s personality is revealed through his/her thoughts, words, and actions

10. IRONY Situational Irony: When something happens that is not expected. – Ex: The firehouse burns down. – Ex: The police station was robbed. – Ex: Calling for snow when it was 65 degrees last weekend.

11. IRONY Dramatic Irony: When the audience knows something that a character does not. Verbal Irony: When characters say something they don’t mean (a.k.a. sarcasm).

12. Act I Paris, 1640, theatre of Hotel Burgundy. Christian arrives with his friend Ligniere, who he hopes will tell him the name of the woman with whom he has fallen in love (Roxane). Christian learns that Count de Guiche is scheming to marry Roxane off to the Viscount Valvert (Why?) Meanwhile, Cyrano’s friends Rageneau and Le Bret are expecting him to come and banish the actor Montfleury from the stage…

13. Act II Cyrano goes to the Pastry Shop of Ragueneau, a friend of his, to wait for Roxane to come visit him. Cyrano writes a love letter to Roxane and plans to give it to her if she offers any kind of hint that she might be in love with him. Roxane arrives, and Cyrano sends her maid out to eat some cream puffs.

14. Act II Count de Guiche enters the scene and asks Cyrano to join his following and let him be his patron. Cyrano refuses, and upsets the Count. (Knowing the type of person he is, why do you think he refuses?) The Cadets arrive, and Cyrano tells them the story of his victory over 100 men. Christian, who has just joined the regiment this morning, thinks he Cyrano is too boastful and keeps interrupting the story by insulting his nose. Cyrano learns who he is and asks to meet with him alone.

15. ACT III De Guiche meets with Roxane alone and informs her that he has become the commander of the Guard. He tries to arrange a rendezvous with Roxane before he goes off to war. Roxane refuses, but contrives to have the Cadets remain in Paris. « Strike at Cyrano’s self- esteem… » After Cyrano wins Roxane with words, Christian asks for a kiss, which she gives. A priest conveniently shows up and Roxane and Christian get married. De Guiche comes back to the scene and Cyrano tries to distract him from the wedding. However, De Guiche eventually finds out and decides to punish them by sending Christian and Cyrano’s Cadets into battle after all.

16. ACT IV The French Cadets are cut off by the Spanish forces, and they are starving! The Cadets hate De Guiche, who sends a spy to tell the Spanish to attack the Cadets while they wait for more relief to come in. Roxane arrives in a coach, bringing food and drink to the starving soldiers. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ After Christian dies, Cyrano rallies the Cadets to hold back the Spanish until relief comes.

17. ACT V Roxane is living in a convent, eternally mourning her beloved Christian. Cyrano arrives to speak with her as he always does, bringing her news of the outside world. However, he has been mortally wounded… ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Cyrano dies in Roxane’s arms, as she tells him she loves him… « I never loved but one man in my life, and I have lost him—twice… » ~Roxane