1. METAMATERIAL BASED ANTENNA FOR WLAN (WiFi) APPLICATIONS
Guide :
Asstt. Prof. JOLLY PARIKH
Made By:
MANISH UPADHYAY
MUSKAN GUMBER
SANDEEP PURI
SWATI JAIN

2. BRIEF HISTORY
The first person who discussed the backward waves in electromagnetism was A. Schuster in 1904
First super lens conceptualized by V.G Veselago in 1968.
Pendry proposed physical structures in 1996 and 1999 that lead to the their physical realization.
First physically realized by Smith, et. al. in 2000.
Veselago first studies
the effect a negative permittivity and permeability has on
wave propagation
Pendry proposes wire structures to realize a negative permittivity
Pendry proposes Split Ring Resonators (SRR’s) to realize a negative permeability
Smith is the first in the world to physically realize a medium with an effective negative index of refraction
1968
1996
1999
2000

3. WHAT IS METAMATERIAL ?
Meta: Greek prefix meaning “Beyond”
A composite or structured material that exhibits properties not found in naturally occurring materials or compounds.
NOTE: THE PROPERTIES ARE THAT OF THE ENTIRE ARRANGEMENT AND NOT THE CONSTITUENTS THEMSELVES

4. SIMPLE ANALOGY
n<0
n>0

5. NEGATIVE REFRACTIVE INDEX

6. CLASSIFICATION

7. WiFi 802.11b,802.11g,802.11n –these families operate in 2.4ghz band
802.11n can however more than double the range.
Range varies with frequency band- wifi range in 2.4ghz is better than that
in 5ghz band.
Outdoor ranges can be improved to many kilometers through the use of
high gain directional antennas at the router and remote device

8. WiMAX
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data rates and up to 1Gbit/s.
It is a long range system, covering many kilometers ,using licensed or unlicensed spectrum to deliver connection to a network( in most cases the Internet).
Provides portable mobile broadband connectivity across cities and countries through a variety of devices.
64 RF channels programmable per user’s convenience

9. PRINCIPLE
Maxwell’s equations are symmetrical in electric and magnetic fields but not in real world.
Imagine a very long solenoid energized with a current.
Quick alteration of current in solenoid is like two free magnetic monopole.
Applied common parallel magnetic field and role of capacitance introduced with gaps/slit on paramagnetic material. ?

10. SRR:FIRST MAGNETIC METAMATERIAL
A bulk metal has no
magnetism in optics
A metal ring: weak
magnetic response
A split ring:
magnetic resonance
Double SRR:
enhanced magnetic
resonance

11. REALISATION OF METAMATERIAL
WIRE MESH + SRR = METAMATERIAL

12. OUR DESIGN
HFSS MODEL
FABRICATED

13. E-FIELD INTERACTION
MAGNETIC FIELD

14. RETRIEVAL APPROACH DIRECT EXTRACTION USING S-PARAMETER
NICOLSON-ROSS-WEIR APPROACH
MAJOR IDENTITY OF DIRECT RETRIEVAL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

15. S-PARAMETER (MAGNITUDE)

16. S-PARAMETER (PHASE)

17. IMPEDENCE

18. PROPAGATION INDEX

19. PERMITTIVITY

20. PERMEABILITY

21. WAVE VECTOR

22. INSET-FEED PATCH DESIGN

23. PATCH WITH METAMATERIAL
OBSERVED CHANGE ?
RETURN LOSS CHANGES

24. APPLICATIONS
RFID TAG
(IN BODY IMPLANT)

25. WIRELESS BODY AREA
NETWORK

26. ESA FOR CELL PHONE

27. SPECIFIC ABSORBTION RATE (SAR)
[ ~2W/Kg in 1/10gm of Tissue]
REDUCTION

28. REFERENCES
[1] V. G. Veselago, “The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negative
values of epsilon and mu," Usp. Fiz. Nauk., vol. 92, pp , 1967), Soviet Phys.
Uspekhi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp , 1968.
[2] D.R. Smith, S. Schultz, P. Markos, C.M. Soukoulis, “Determination of effective
permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission co-
efficients," Phys. Rev. B, vol. 65, No , pp. 1-5, 2002.
[3] Koschny, et. al., “Resonant and Anti-resonant frequency dependence of the ef-
fective parameters of metamaterials," Physical Review E, vol. 68, no , pp.
1-4, 2003.
[4] Bogdan-Ioan Popa, Steven A. Cummer, “Determining the effective electromag-
netic properties of negative-refractive-index metamaterials from internal Fields," Phys.
Rev. B., vol. 72, no , pp. 1-5, 2005.
[5] B. J. Justice, J. J. Mock, L. Guo, A. Degiron, D. Schurig, and D. R. Smith
“Spatial mapping of the internal and external electromagnetic ¯elds of negative in-
dex metamaterials," Opt. Express 14, (2006).
[6] J.B. Pendry, et.al.,”Extremely Low-Frequency Plasmons in Metallic Mesostruc-
tures," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 76, no. 25, 1996, pp