1. Unit 2 Review

2. What is energy???? Ability to do work.

3. Where does the energy we need come from?? Autotrophs – sun Heterotrophs - eat

4. Organisms must release energy stored in organic compounds (proteins, lipids, carbs)

5. Remember energy can not be destroyed or created… It is transformed from one form to another

6. What or the different forms of energy? Light Nuclear Heat (thermal) Electrical Chemical mechanical

9. Living things use chemical compounds to store energy in the form of ATP

11. Cells use ATP for active transport (movement against the gradient) K/Na pumps Make proteins

12. ATP is short term energy ATP is “recharged” Smaller package of energy for cells to use In contrast Glucose contains 90x more energy Cells use glucose to make ATP

13. How do organisms make sugar???

14. Photosynthesis Plants use the process of photosynthesis to convert the sun’s energy into chemical energy (glucose)

15. Takes place in chloroplasts Pigments are used to capture the sun’s energy Energy carrier molecules 2 transfers these electrons through the light reactions (light dep. Reactions) Water is split (making oxygen that leaves the plants via stomata) Electrons and then used to make sugar (indep. Reactions)

17. Factors that effect the rate of photosynthesis Amount of water Temperature (0-35 C) Intensity of light

20. How do organisms break down organic molecules???

21. Cell respiration The breaking down of organic molecules in the presence of oxygen to make ATP

22. Before respiration takes place, glucose must be broken down to pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm No oxygen 2 ATP produced

23. What happens next???

24. If no oxygen is present… Fermentation Alcoholic fermentation yeast Lactic acid fermentation muscles

26. If there is oxygen present… Krebs Cycle Occurs in mitochondria NADH and ATP are used Only around 2 net ATP are used Carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product

27. Electron Transport Chain FADH2 and NADH (electrons and H+) are used to power ATP synthase in the mitochondrial membrane to make about 32 ATP Water is also produced (oxygen combines with H)

28. At net total of 36-38 ATP are produced Which is used to power cellular processes

30. Cell respiration and photosynthesis

31. How are photosynthesis and cell respiration related???

32. Take a piece of paper and draw a picture of how you think these two processes interact.

35. CP Videos photosynthesis Cell respiration

36. Honors Videos Photosynthesis