1. Civil Rights Notes Entry 3.5

2. Bill of Rights Civil liberties: rights of citizenship and equality Civil liberties: rights of citizenship and equality Some reserved powers violated civil liberties Some reserved powers violated civil liberties Argued: Argued: Only federal buildings/land were subject to equality Only federal buildings/land were subject to equality Civil War Amendments: Civil War Amendments: 13, 14 and 15 13, 14 and 15 grew out of the Civil War grew out of the Civil War

3. Civil War Amendments Background: Background: Succession (leaving the Union), Southern States over Succession (leaving the Union), Southern States over Commerce, States rights, Slavery Commerce, States rights, Slavery Scott v Sanford, Scott v Sanford, Dred Scott: slave taken into free territory for 10 years (Illinois and Minnesota) Dred Scott: slave taken into free territory for 10 years (Illinois and Minnesota) Sued for his freedom Sued for his freedom Not a “citizen”, could not sue Not a “citizen”, could not sue

4. 13 th Amendment 1865 1865 Officially outlawed slavery Officially outlawed slavery “Black codes” in the South “Black codes” in the South Excluded Blacks from certain jobs Excluded Blacks from certain jobs Limited property rights Limited property rights Mostly social issues Mostly social issues Restrictions on liberties, Nightly curfew, No white neighborhoods Restrictions on liberties, Nightly curfew, No white neighborhoods

5. 14 th Amendment 1868 1868 US citizenship: “anyone born or naturalized in the United States” US citizenship: “anyone born or naturalized in the United States” “Equal protection of the laws” “Equal protection of the laws” Forbid state gov’t from “interfering with privileges or immunities of citizens” Forbid state gov’t from “interfering with privileges or immunities of citizens” Made Bill of Rights binding on states Made Bill of Rights binding on states

6. 15 th Amendment 1870 1870 No restrictions on the right to vote based on race or color No restrictions on the right to vote based on race or color BUT: only men BUT: only men Jim Crow laws in the South Jim Crow laws in the South Segregation in public facilities, transportation and education Segregation in public facilities, transportation and education Poll taxes: pay to vote, pass literacy tests Poll taxes: pay to vote, pass literacy tests

7. Struggle for civil rights Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Homer Plessy: 1/8 th black Homer Plessy: 1/8 th black Could not ride white train car Could not ride white train car Supreme court: separate but equal Supreme court: separate but equal

8. Civil Rights cont States refused to honor 14 th Amendment States refused to honor 14 th Amendment Federal jurisdiction only Federal jurisdiction only States’ rights to discriminate in private businesses States’ rights to discriminate in private businesses Brown v. Board of Edu. Of Topeka, KS 1954 Brown v. Board of Edu. Of Topeka, KS 1954 Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson Segregated schools were unconstitutional Segregated schools were unconstitutional Did not give equal protection under the law Did not give equal protection under the law

9. Struggle for civil rights Peaceful protests: Martin Luther King, Jr. Peaceful protests: Martin Luther King, Jr. Violent protests: Malcolm X Violent protests: Malcolm X Civil Rights Act of 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited discrimination in public facilities Prohibited discrimination in public facilities 24 th Amendment (1964): outlawed poll taxes 24 th Amendment (1964): outlawed poll taxes

10. 16 th Amendment Federal income tax Federal income tax 1.5% in 1930 1.5% in 1930 10% in 1941 -  19% in 1942 (why the large increase?) 10% in 1941 -  19% in 1942 (why the large increase?) 23% 1945 23% 1945 U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862-2013 (Nominal and Inflation- Adjusted Brackets) | Tax Foundation U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862-2013 (Nominal and Inflation- Adjusted Brackets) | Tax Foundation U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862-2013 (Nominal and Inflation- Adjusted Brackets) | Tax Foundation U.S. Federal Individual Income Tax Rates History, 1862-2013 (Nominal and Inflation- Adjusted Brackets) | Tax Foundation

11. 19 th Amendment 1920 1920 Women’s suffrage Women’s suffrage Wyoming allowed women to vote: 1869 Wyoming allowed women to vote: 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: argued that women had the right to vote in 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: argued that women had the right to vote in 1848 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwd2sLE uw30 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lwd2sLE uw30

12. 26 th Amendments 26th: 1971 26th: 1971 Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 Vietnam War Vietnam War