1. NEUROLOGY

2. Spinal Cord Injuries

3. Spinal Cord

6. The etiology of SCIs : More recent statistics suggest that motor vehicle accidents (40.9%), followed by falls (22.4%), acts of violence (21.6%), and sports-related injuries (7.5%), are now the most common causes of SCIs in the United States

7. Key Muscles That Can Provide Greatest Functional Improvements Level Key Muscles. C 5 Elbow flexors. C 6 Wrist extensors. C 7 Elbow extensors. C 8 Finger flexors. T 1 Finger abductors. L 2 Hip flexors. L 3 Knee extensors. L 4 Ankle dorsiflexors. L 5 Big toe extensors. S 1 Ankle plantar flexors

8. I-Cervical Flexion and Rotation Injuries

9. I- Cervical Flexion – Rotation Injury

10. II- Cervical Hyperflexion Injuries

11. II- Hyperflexion Injury III- Hyperextension Injury IV- Compression Injury

12. III- Cervical Hyperextension Injuries

13. IV- Compression Injuries

14. Types of Lesions 1- Complete Injuries

15. 2- Incomplete Injuries

16. Special Injury Types

17. Special Injury Types (Cont.)

18. Clinical Manifestations

19. Complications

20. Cervical Spine (C1-C4)

21. Cervical Spine (C5-C8)

22. Thoracic Spine (T1-T9) Full paralysis of lower body and legs Limited upper body movement Full use of arms Capable of using a manual wheelchair for extended time No personal care needed

23. Thoracic Spine (T10-S5)

24. Compression Fractures catalog.nucleusinc.com

25. Cauda Equina

26. Pathological Changes

27. Medical Intervension

28. Orthosis A- Halo vest B- Sternal-occipital mandibular immobilization C- Philadelphia collar D- Custom-made body jacket

29. Orthoses Sterno-Occipital Mandibular Immobilization (SOMI) Maximizes cervical stability Cash Hyperextension Orthosis Sagital hyperextension Freedom in coronal and transverse planes More cosmetic, light weight Flex Foam Orthosis Soft, flexible interior Bony prominence relief Rigid external, adjustable, detachable frame

30. L1 Orthoses BI-valve Orthosis Maximizes adjustability Stabilizes pelvis Anterior Overlap Simple, adjustable Corset Front Rigid posterior to reduce abdominal pressure

31. THANK YOU