1. AP Psychology Unit 7

2. Strategies that assist in problem solving: – trial & error – algorithms: – heuristics: – Sometimes we discover a solution without trying at all….. – mental set-> we tend to approach a problem in a particular way…one that has worked in the past.

3. Heuristics-> mental shortcuts – Representative: – Availability: Overconfidence-> we tend to overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments Belief Perseverance-> we often cling to our own beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence

4. The way a question or statement is worded-> can sway our decisions and judgments Powerful persuasion tool-> advertising (this works 95% of the time or has a 5% fail rate)

5. Language-> our spoken, written, or signed words and how we combine them to create meaning Structure: – Phonemes- aren’t same as letters, they are individual sounds – Morphemes- smallest unit carrying meaning (I) – Grammar-

6. With remarkable efficiency, we sample tens of thousands of words in our memory, assemble them and spew them out, three words a second. Receptive vs. Productive Language – Receptive-> – Productive-> ability to produce words. Matures after receptive language. – Stages: Babbling – begins at 4 months. Da-da-da. By 10 months can identify their household language One-Word- around 12 months. Have learned that sound carries meaning. One word is like a sentence to them Two-Word- After age of two, begin uttering longer phrases.

7. We are not born with a built in specific language We all begin our speaking with nouns first, then adjectives and verbs Do have a built-in readiness to learn grammatical rules Childhood:

8. ______________-> impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage – Left frontal lobe area-> ______________________- damage means person struggles to speak words and direct muscle movement involved in speech – Left temporal lobe area -> ____________________- damage to leads to inability to comprehend and express language. Only speak meaningless words Other networks involved when finding jokes funny, different types of stories, different areas activated by different nouns, verbs, actions, etc. In processing language, the brain operates by dividing its mental functions-> speaking, perceiving, thinking, remembering- into subfunctions