2. Internal conflict Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs Umayyads become hereditary Caliphs

3. Capital moved from Mecca to Damascus Capital moved from Mecca to Damascus More glamorous (worldly) lifestyle More glamorous (worldly) lifestyle

4. Splitsville Sunn’i-remained loyal Sunn’i-remained loyal

5. Shi’ites-Caliph should be descended from Ali (Muhammad’s son in law) Shi’ites-Caliph should be descended from Ali (Muhammad’s son in law) More conservative More conservative

6. The Abbasids Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Overthrew the Umayyads in 750 Ruled until 1258 Ruled until 1258

7. The Fatimids Province of Egypt broke away Province of Egypt broke away Fatimid dynasty established Fatimid dynasty established Capital at Cairo Capital at Cairo

8. The Seljuk Turks Nomads from Central Asia Nomads from Central Asia 970 migrated into Abbasid Empire, converted to Islam 970 migrated into Abbasid Empire, converted to Islam

9. 1055 conquered Persia, adopted Persian culture 1055 conquered Persia, adopted Persian culture

10. Seljuks crushed Byzantine Army, took most of Anatolia (Turkey) Seljuks crushed Byzantine Army, took most of Anatolia (Turkey) 1071 Battle of Manzikert

11. Manzikert Seljuk Empire

12. Growth of Seljuk Empire

13. Seljuks meet the Crusaders and Mongols

14. Crusaders embark for the Holy Land 10 Crusaders

15. 1st Crusade 1095- -captured Jerusalem in 1099 1st Crusade 1095- -captured Jerusalem in 1099 Saladin retook Jerusalem in 1187 Saladin retook Jerusalem in 1187

16. Mongols Grandson of Genghis, Hulagu burned Baghdad in 1258 Grandson of Genghis, Hulagu burned Baghdad in 1258

17. Took most of the Seljuk Empire Took most of the Seljuk Empire Cairo became the new center of Islam Cairo became the new center of Islam

18. Section 3. Islamic Civilization

19. Major urban centers Damascus, Cairo, Baghdad and Cordoba

21. Baghdad

22. Social Classes Muslim Arabs Muslim Arabs Converted Muslims Converted Muslims Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians Slaves (non-Muslims) Slaves (non-Muslims)

23. Women Spiritual and social equality under the Quran Spiritual and social equality under the Quran

24. Veil required by tradition Veil required by tradition Women had guardians Women had guardians Could marry freely and get divorces Could marry freely and get divorces

25. Section 4. The Culture of Islam

26. Scholarship

27. House of Wisdom in Baghdad translated and preserved European learning House of Wisdom in Baghdad translated and preserved European learning

28. Science Advanced medicine Advanced medicine Math Math Arabic numeralsArabic numerals algebraalgebra opticsoptics

29. Arab Medical Book

30. Astrolabe

31. Advanced Chemistry Advanced Chemistry

32. Philosophy combined Greek philosophy and Muslim beliefs

33. Art and Architecture Literature Literature One Thousand and One NightsOne Thousand and One Nights The Rubaiyat of Omar KhayyamThe Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam

34. Arab cali- graphy used as art Geometric decoration

35. Cali- graphic Art

36. Mosque at Cordoba, Spain

37. Great Mosques

38. The BlueMosque in Istanbul

39. Iran

40. Cordoba, Spain

41. Preserved the Knowledge needed for the Renaissance