1. POETRY ELEMENTS AND STRUCTURE

2. ELEMENTS FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE & POETIC DEVICES

3. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IS… is saying something other than what is literally meant for effect. speech or writing employing figures of speech

4. SIMILE A comparison between two unlike things using like or as Joe looks just like a dog. This is a simile because it compares two unlike things, Joe and dog, using like.

5. METAPHOR A comparison between two unlike things not using like or as Ex) Sam is a little monkey.

6. PERSONIFICATION Giving human qualities to inhuman things or inanimate objects. Ex) The painting spoke to me. This is personification because it gives the inhuman painting the human ability to speak

7. ONOMATOPOEIA Words that imitate the sound that they are describing ● Ex) Boom, Buzz, Pop

8. IMAGERY Language that appeals to the five senses. Sight Smell Touch Hear Taste

9. TONE An expression of an author’s attitude toward a subject contributes to the mood

10. MOOD The feeling that an author sets or creates for the reader The effect of the author’s words and tone on the reader.

11. MOOD VS. TONE Some words that can describe the mood of a poem might be: romantic, realistic, optimistic, pessimistic, gloomy, mournful, sorrowful, etc. Some words that can describe the tone of a poem might be: serious, humorous, amused, angry, playful, cheerful, sad, gloomy, etc.

12. THEME The overall meaning or message of a piece of literature

13. POINT OF VIEW First Person (I, we, me, us, my/mine, our/ours) Third Person (he, she, it, him, her, his, her/hers, its, they, them, their/theirs)

14. AUTHOR VS. SPEAKER The author is the person who wrote the story. The speaker is the person who tells the story. It is important to realize that the author is not usually the speaker in fiction writing!

15. STRUCTURE FORM, METER, AND RHYME

16. Line DEFINITION: basic structural component of a poem. Literally, a row of words that ends somewhere. Can be enjambed or end stopped.enjambedend stopped

17. ENJAMBED The continuation of a sentence or clause over a line-break

18. END STOP The syntactic unit (phrase, clause, or sentence) corresponds in length to the line (there will usually be punctuation)

19. Stanza DEFINITION: a formal division of lines in a poem that is considered as a unit, separated by spaces. Like prose paragraphs, only for poetry.

20. Types of Stanzas Couplet Triplet (tercet) Quatrain ====== 2-line stanza 3-line stanza 4-line stanza

21. Types of Rhymes EndEnd – EyeEye – SlantSlant – InternalInternal – words at the ends of lines rhyme words look like they should rhyme Words that almost rhyme words inside the line rhyme with words at the end of the line

22. END RHYME You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose.

23. EYE RHYME ' 'Tis the last rose of summer, Left blooming alone; All her lovely companions Are faded and gone;' -Thomas Moore Another example: Enough Though

24. SLANT RHYME “Hope” is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul - And sings the tune without the words - And never stops - at all – -Emily Dickenson

25. INTERNAL RHYME Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore— While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

26. Rhyme Scheme DEFINITION: a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. Each new rhyme is assigned the next letter of the alphabet, while repeat sounds get whatever letter they were first assigned.

27. What’s the rhyme scheme?

28. You would not believe your eyes If ten million fireflies Lit up the world as I fell asleep Cause they fill the open air And leave teardrops everywhere You'd think me rude, but I Would just stand and stare. I'd like to make myself believe That planet Earth turns slowly. It's hard to say that I'd Rather stay awake when I'm asleep, Cause everything is never as it seems. From “Fireflies” by Owl City A A B C C A C B B A B B

29. Meter DEFINITION: the rhythmic pattern of the poem. Determined by the number of stresses or beats in each line.

30. Stress DEFINITION: The emphasis that falls on certain syllables and not others

31. Foot DEFINITION: a basic unit of meter. Normally contains either two or three syllables with varying patterns of stress.