1. Five Main Teaching Strategies Direct Instruction- highly teacher-directed; effective for providing information or developing step-by-step skills (Ex. lecture, explicit teaching, practice and drill, and demonstrations.) Indirect Instruction- mainly student centered (Ex. Inquiry, induction, problem solving, decision making, and discovery) Interactive Instruction- students working with other students (Ex. Whole group and small group discussions, group projects or assignments) Experimental Learning- learner centered, and activity oriented; Emphasis on the process of learning and not on the product; Reflection is key. (Ex. Field trips, simulations, testing hypothesis) Independent Study- emphasis on individual student initiative, self-reliance, and self-improvement (Ex. homework, studying, reading)

2. Direct Instruction Explicit teaching Lesson overviews Guest speakers
Instruction of strategic processes
Lecturing
Didactic questioning
Demonstrating and modelling prior to guided practice
Mini-lessons
Guides for reading, listening, and viewing

3. Indirect Instruction Observing Investigating Inquiring and researching
Jigsaw groups
Problem solving
Reading and viewing or meaning
Reflective discussion
Gallery walks
Concept mapping

4. Interactive Instruction
Discussing
Sharing
Generating alternative ways of thinking and feeling
Debates
Role-playing
Panels
Brainstorming
Peer conferencing
Co-operative learning groups
Problem solving
Talking circles
Peer editing
Interviewing

5. Experimental Learning
Participating in activities
Field trips
Simulations
Primary research
Games
Role-playing
Surveys
Sharing and observations and reflections
Reflecting critically on experiences
Developing hypotheses and generalizations
Testing hypotheses and generalization in new situation

6. Independent Study Inquiry and research projects
Using a variety of approaches and methods
Computer-assisted instruction
Essays and reports
Study guides
Learning contracts
Homework
Learning Centers