1. Communicable and Non-communicable Diseases

2. After this lesson you will be able to:
Compare and contrast between non-communicable and communicable diseases
Define the common pathogens that cause communicable diseases

3. Distinguish between communicable and non-communicable diseases
Also called non-infectious diseases
For example: Heart disease
Communicable diseases
Also called infectious diseases.
Passed through direct/indirect contact

4. Non-communicable diseases
Diseases that CANNOT be spread from one person/thing to another
Diseases that are not caused by pathogens (bad germs)
Can affect any system in the body (circulatory, nervous, respiratory)
Can be treated but not usually cured

5. Causes of non-communicable diseases
1. Hereditary- passed from parent to child
2. Environmental
Where you live –or work
For example: Nuclear power plant
3. Lifestyle
Poor health habits – tanning, smoking, drinking, poor diet, lack of exercise and emotional stress.

6. Preventing non-communicable disease
Have a balanced diet
Get regular exercise
Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
Regular check-ups can identify early warning signs

7. Common Non-Communicable Diseases
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Heart Attack
Stroke

8. Communicable Diseases
Definition
Caused by direct or indirect spread of pathogens (bad germs) from a person or thing to another.

9. Pathogens and Vectors Pathogens are disease causing agents (bad germs)
Vectors are disease-causing organisms that carry pathogens from one host to another
For example:
Mosquitoes transmit malaria
Ticks transmit Lyme disease

10. How diseases are spread
Direct contact - touching infected area of person
Indirect - sneezing, coughing, sharing personal items
Contact with vectors (animals and insects) - bites
Other contact - eating contaminated foods

11. Where Diseases Enter The Body
A break in skin (cuts)
Genitals
Mouth
Eyes
Nose

12. Prevention for communicable diseases
Wash hands
Cover mouth when sneezing or coughing
Proper care of food, don’t share food
Eat healthy and exercise to improve immune system
Shower daily

14. Common Types of Pathogens
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protozoan

15. Bacteria (100 million will fit in a grain of sand.)
Most common of all pathogens.
Most DO NOT cause disease.
Reproduces through cell division.
Examples:Strep throat , Lyme disease

16. Bacteria Video

17. Virus All viruses are considered Parasites
Smallest and simplest of micro-organisms.
Can only live on living cells
It tricks human cells to reproduce more viruses.
Examples- chicken pox, cold, flu, measles, rabies, HIV/AIDS

18. Protozoa Most are harmless One celled organism Grows in water
Multiples quickly in moist places
For example: Malaria

19. Fungi Live off non-living things. Include molds, yeast, and mushrooms
Live in warm moist places such as locker room floors
Examples: Ring worm / athletes foot

20. Fungi
Athlete’s Foot
Ring Worm

21. The Body’s Primary Defenses Against Diseases
Skin
Mucus Membrane
Cilia

22. Body’s Primary Defenses Against Communicable Diseases
Skin
Most important – keeps out harmful germs
Produces sweat that kills some types of pathogens

23. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Disease
Mucus Membrane
Cells that line nose, mouth and throat produce mucus to trap germs

24. Body’s Defense Against Communicable Disease
Cilia
Wavelike hairs that sweep out germs from throat, nose, etc

25. Body’s Secondary Defenses
Fever – the temperature of the body increases to slow multiplication of pathogens
White Blood Cells – special cells that kill pathogens
Chemical Barriers – tears and saliva
Reflexes – blinking, coughing and sneezing

26. Take the quiz Click on this link: www.masteryconnect.com/bubblesheet
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