1. Industrialization

2. DEFINITION Social and economic organization that results from the replacement of hand tools with machines and the development of large scale industrial production

3. Why Industrialize???? Make more money Government support for business LOTS of Natural Resources Growth of urban areas – Cheap labor – New markets

4. Natural Resources HUGE AMOUNTS OF: Coal Oil Iron Ore

5. Coal Major source of fuel Dirty Cheap

6. Oil Edwin L. Drake – 1 st to drill using a steam engine – In Pennsylvania Started an oil boom Transformed to kerosene Gasoline was a byproduct – Thrown away!!

7. Iron Soft Tends to break and rust Used to make steel

8. Bessemer Process Invented by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly Inject air into molten iron to remove impurities to make steel Replaced by the open-hearth process

9. Why is steel so important? Railroads Skyscrapers – 1 st in Chicago Farming equipment Brooklyn Bridge – 1883 Barbed Wire Andrew Carnegie

10. Inventions- Changed the way people lived and worked Thomas Alva Edison Alexander graham Bell Christopher Sholes  Light Bulb and distribution system  Telephone  Typewriter

11. Railroads Transcontinental – ocean to ocean 180,000 miles of track Labor – Harsh working conditions – Immigrants Irish Chinese – Civil war vets

12. Railroads - Problems Native American attacks Accidents Disease – 2,000 killed – 20,000 injured Corruption Angered farmers – Misuse of land grants – Jacked up prices – The Grange – demand government control

13. Railroads - Positives Trade –L–Links country together Boost business – steel! Growth of cities –G–George Pullman – created a town for his employees Travel Railroad time – creates time zones