1. Cells and Cell Theory

3. Organisms – living things  All organisms are made up of cells.  Multicellular: made of many cells  Examples: Insects, snails, fish, people  Unicellular: made of one cell  Examples: bacteria, protists Exception: Viruses - Not alive - Made of proteins, not cells

4. Organ system  organ  tissues  cells  organelles  Organ - Group of different tissues that work together to do a certain job  Organ system – a group of organs  Tissue - Group of cells that look alike and work together to do a certain job

5. Cell Theory (a scientific theory, not a law!)  All living things or organisms are made of cells  New cells are created by old cells dividing into two cells  Cells are the basic building units of life

6. Cells  Basic unit of life  The smallest living things  First observed by Robert Hooke (1665-1703)  A cell is like a factory with each “worker” having its own job.  There are many types of cells, doing many different jobs in plants and animals.

7. Types of Cells  Eukaryotic  Single cell  Has a nucleus  All organisms EXCEPT bacteria and archaea  Prokaryotic  Simplest type of cell  No nucleus  DNA and other materials float freely within the cytoplasm  Bacteria and archaea

8. Other Vocab  Diffusion – Material moves from crowded area to less crowded area

9.  Homeostasis - Ability of organisms to maintain a state of balance  Example: We maintain our body temperature by shivering to get warm and sweating to cool off.

10. Organelle - Small structure inside a cell that performs a certain job

11.  Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - system of tubes that move proteins within a cell A & P

12.  Golgi Bodies - package and distribute (move) proteins outside the cell A & P

13. Lysosome: digests waste, breaks down substances A only

14. Mitochondria: use oxygen to release energy, power supply A & P

15.  Ribosome - Small round structure that makes proteins A & P

16.  Meiosis  Process of cell division  Results in reproductive cells  Mitosis  Process of cell division  Results in two cells  Cells are identical to the parent cells

17. Animal vs. Plant Cells

18. Three Main Parts of Cells 1. Cell Membrane 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm

19. Cell Membrane  Thin layer  Encloses (surrounds) the cell  Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell  Provides shape to the cell  Provides protection for the cell

20. Nucleus  Controls all cell activity  Round or egg-shaped  Found near the center of the cell  Dark in color  Contains DNA  Deoxyribonucleic Acid: chemical in chromosomes that stores information about the organism

21. Cytoplasm  Gel-like  Contains a ll the living material except the nucleus  Examples:  Proteins  Nutrients  Organelles

22. Plant cell parts Plant cells may contain some extra parts.

23. Chloroplasts (plant cells) Chloroplasts which are disc shaped and contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.

24. Cell wall (plant cells) A cell wall which is a strong outer layer to support the cell and give it shape.

25. Vacuole (plant cells) A vacuole where the plant cell stores sap (the food that it has made; a mixture of sugars, salts and water).

26. To summarize: (draw and label this!)