1. Chapter 5 5.3 Pgs. 74-77 Objective: I can identify and classify different types of lipids based on their molecular structure and relate it to my health and nutrition

2.  Functions  Stores energy for long-term (than carbs)  Forms barriers against water (insoluble)  Macro: insulation, protection  Atoms: C, H, O (more C-H than O)  More energy-rich C-H bonds to break  Nonpolar (C less electronegative than O) Includes: C 6 H 12 O 6 C 30 H 50 O 6 Fats, oils, waxes, steroids (hormones) Store more compactly  animals

3.  Made of two types of subunits (smaller mol.)  Molecule 1 = fatty acid (long hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group at end: ~16 ~18 C or more)  Molecule 2 = glycerol 3 carbons, each with hydroxyl group  “Polymer” = Combine ▪Dehydration Synthesis  Triglyceride (triacylglycerol) ▪3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol http://www2.nl.edu/jste/fat.swf

5.  Saturated fats (unhealthier) (solid) (animals)  All internal carbons have 2 hydrogen (full!)  Only single bonds between carbons  Unsaturated fats (healthier) (liquid) (plants)  Not all internal carbon has 2 hydrogen (not full)  At least 1 double bond between carbons Monounsaturated fats vs. Polyunsaturated fats Note the kink in the chain Carbon wants bonds4 (based on fatty acid) health?state?organism?

7. Can pack tightly Cannot pack tightly “hydrogenate fat”

8.  Made by hydrogenation of  If singled hydrogen on same side, then cis- ▪Bigger “kink”  If singled hydrogen on opposite side, then trans- ▪Smaller “kink” Trans-fat is bad because it increases BAD cholesterol (LDL) and decrease good cholesterol (HDL) – How? Not sure… unsaturated fats

9.  Used to form cell membrane (IMPORTANT!)  Part polar (phosphate group) hydrophilic  Part nonpolar (hydrocarbon chain) hydrophobic  End up as water barrier

10. Notice parts! 1 Phosphate 1 Glycerol 2 Fatty acids 1 unsaturated!

12.  Most are 4 carbon rings w/ H-C  Most are hormones (messenger)  Special type of steroid = cholesterol ▪Embedded in cell membrane Necessary for health, but… Don’t have too much and… More HDL, less LDL

13.  Unsaturated Fats are most healthy  Fish oil, plant oil  Saturated Fats (+too much cholesterol) cause atherosclerosis a.k.a. ateriosclerosis  Build up of plaque in arteries (heart attack)  Trans-Fat is *technically* a type of unsaturated fat, but BAD for you…  Increases LDL cholesterol, which also causes atherosclerosis  BTW, Butter vs. Margarine? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KG_ybdk1VaE