1. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Chapter 23 Foreign Policy Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations Conducting Foreign RelationsConducting Foreign Relations Section 2:Working for Peace Working for PeaceWorking for Peace Section 3:The United Nations The United NationsThe United Nations

2. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations The Main Idea The United States has relationships with many foreign countries. Both the president and Congress play roles in conducting foreign policy. Reading Focus   What are the goals of U.S. foreign policy?   What are the president’s military and diplomatic powers?   What other governmental agencies help the president and Congress conduct foreign policy?   How do the powers of Congress balance the president’s powers?

3. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 The purposes of foreign policy:  Maintain national security  Support democracy  Promote world peace  Provide aid to people in need Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

4. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 The president’s military and diplomatic powers:  Military powers—commander in chief: recommends military operations to Congress  Diplomatic powers—makes treaties: peace treaties, alliance treaties, commercial treaties; executive agreements; appoints and receives ambassadors; diplomatic recognition Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

5. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Congress balances the president’s authority:  The Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Committee on International Relations make policy recommendations to the president.  Senate must approve treaties by a two-thirds vote.  Only Congress can declare war.  1973—War Powers Act limited the president’s power to send troops abroad.  Congress must approve all spending of public funds such as defense spending. Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

6. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Question: How do the powers of Congress balance the president’s authority in foreign relations? SECTION 1 Congress’s Foreign-Policy Powers 1. approves treaties and appointments 2. declares war 3. can invoke the War Powers Act 4. controls finances

7. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Section 2:Working for Peace The Main Idea To promote peace and stability, the United States engages in diplomacy with other nations. These alliances with other countries serve mutual defense, economic, and other needs. Reading Focus   Why is diplomacy important; and what alliances has the United States made with other countries to promote mutual defense?   What forms can U.S. foreign aid take?   What organizations exist to promote international trade and economic stability, and what does each one do?

8. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 NATO and its purpose today:  North Atlantic Treaty Organization—a united front against aggression by the Soviet Union and its communist allies; established 1949  Pledges an attack against one member is an attack against all  NATO’s Partnership for Peace Program— countries participate in preparation for NATO membership Section 2:Working for Peace

9. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 The purpose and forms of foreign aid:  Provides military or economic assistance to another country  Provides food, clothing, and housing to war- torn countries.  Rebuilds factories, farms, and transportation systems Section 2:Working for Peace

10. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 The purpose and forms of foreign aid: (continued)  Helps countries maintain their independence and become self-sufficient  Provides humanitarian aid  Peace Corps volunteers provide teaching, engineering, agriculture, and health care assistance. Section 2:Working for Peace

11. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Alliances and organizations promoting international trade and economic stability:  European Union (EU)—seeks free movement of goods, workers, and capital  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)— allows free trade between Canada, United States, and Mexico  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC)— promotes cooperation among Asia-Pacific countries Section 2:Working for Peace

12. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Alliances and organizations promoting international trade and economic stability:  World Trade Organization (WTO)—sets rules for international trade  International Monetary Fund (IMF)—lends funds to countries in need  United Nations World Bank—offers another way for countries to cooperate Section 2:Working for Peace

13. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Question: What are the various forms of U.S. foreign aid? SECTION 2 HumanitarianSecurity food soldiers clothes arms shelter money workers information money The purpose of foreign aid is to provide economic or military assistance to other countries.

14. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Section 3:The United Nations The Main Idea The United Nations provides a forum in which countries may discuss serious problems and work toward solutions. Reading Focus   What is the United Nations and how is it organized?   What is the role of the United Nations in the modern world?

15. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 The United Nations 1945—United Nations formed to promote peaceful coexistence and worldwide cooperation; countries pledged to save future generations from war. Section 3:The United Nations

16. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Six Divisions  General Assembly—discusses, debates, and recommends solutions to global issues  Security Council—mainly responsible for peace- keeping  International Court of Justice—handles international legal disputes Section 3:The United Nations

17. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Six Divisions (continued)  Economic and Social Council—dedicated to improving lives; conducts studies on world populations  Trusteeship Council—helped non-self-governing colonies; suspended in 1994  Secretariat—manages day-to-day activities and provides services Section 3:The United Nations

18. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 The Economic and Social Council  Improves the lives of the world’s people  Studies health, human rights, education, narcotics, and world population  Ensures the UN works together with specialized agencies Section 3:The United Nations

19. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 Functions of the specialized agencies:  Work to improve the lives of the world’s people  Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)— helps countries grow better food and increase production  United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)—extends educational opportunities Section 3:The United Nations

20. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 Functions of the specialized agencies: (continued)  World Meteorological Organization (WMO)— promotes exchange of weather reports  World Bank—makes loans and gives economic and technical advice  International Telecommunications Union (ITU)—promotes electronic communication Section 3:The United Nations

21. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Question: Why was the United Nations formed, and what are its six divisions? SECTION 3 The United Nations was formed to promote peaceful coexistence and cooperation among nations, maintain peace, and support human rights. Security Council International Court of Justice Secretariat Trusteeship Council Economic and Social Council General Assembly

22. CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 Chapter 23 Wrap-Up 1.What is the purpose of foreign policy? 2.What foreign-policy powers does Congress have? 3.Why was NATO created, and what is the Partnership for Peace program? 4.Why does the United States give foreign aid to other countries, and what forms does it take? 5.What is the purpose of the United Nations, and what are its six divisions? 6.What are the arguments for and against a permanent UN army? 1.What is the purpose of foreign policy? 2.What foreign-policy powers does Congress have? 3.Why was NATO created, and what is the Partnership for Peace program? 4.Why does the United States give foreign aid to other countries, and what forms does it take? 5.What is the purpose of the United Nations, and what are its six divisions? 6.What are the arguments for and against a permanent UN army?