1. Li-ion Battery Safety NHTSA Research Update GTR (June 2016) Stephen Summers Chief Crashworthiness Research EVS-11-18e

2. Charging System – BMS System Safety Testing Compliment research from prior project with qualified 3 rd party validation data. Critique of the procedures and expand to include AC charging and study the applicability to other interfaces. Critique of DC test procedure developed under NHTSA Research (SAE J1772 combo) Validation Test of the procedure (BMW i3) Document an AC equivalent procedure with validation (SAE J1772 Combo) Document an equivalent procedure (CHAdeMO – paper study only) 2016 Ongoing Argonne N.L.

3. Short Circuit Testing – Soft to Hard (50mΩ - 1mΩ) 2016 Ongoing Argonne N.L. Develop and document short-circuit test procedures including system boundary requirements necessary for proper safety testing. Include the complete range of potential short circuit (over-current) conditions in the analysis. Standards. Prepare recommendation for regulatory consideration. Research and compare test methods and BMS diagnostic capabilities to existing state-of-technology and best practices to identify areas for improvement. Note: Novel test methods are being considered using correlated CAN data to properly bound impedance boundaries to be tested on each application.

4. Sequential Testing Review and Critique Review the sequential BMS test procedures documentation and identify areas to improve tests for simplicity and accuracy, and in addition identify areas not covered in the report. NOTE: ANL is leveraging their extensive vehicle test data base which was developed through testing sponsored by the DOE (2008-present) Several areas have been identified which may be simplified recommended for improvement, including but not limited to: BMS Operational Protection to prevent Over-Charge BMS Ground Fault and Isolation Tests BMS Over-Discharge protection and verification Test Additional engineering resources have deployed by ANL to expedite this area of the NHTSA research project 2016 Ongoing Argonne N.L.

5. Propagation Test – Initiation/ Provocation Development 2016-2017 Ongoing Sandia N.L. & Naval Surface Warfare Center Research and develop a robust thermal initiation method that represents the chemical and electrical heat release of a single cell in thermal decomposition. Characterization of cells to quantify minimal input thermal for provocation Define method Development of heater to provoke without exceeding a single cells’ thermal Limitation based on characterization (above) Variation boundaries and adaptation (cell structure ) Validation Cell/Module/Pack

6. Partial Immersion – Design of experiments Research the effects of a REESS system simulating damage from a vehicle crash that is partially exposed to brackish (1.75% NaCl) or salt water (3.5% NaCl) Pack Level DUT 50% immersion (intentionally leaving some cells/modules above the waterline damaged enclosure – allowing water to flow-in non-damaged enclosure – as designed by OEM 3.5% NaCl 1.75% NaCl 4 th Quarter 2016 – 2 nd Quarter 2017 - Argonne N.L.

7. Battery State-of-Health and Stability Diagnostic Tool Set Development Research and develop embeddable technology to determine the safety related health and stability of a Li-ion based RESS, particularly in one which has lost communication or has been isolated as in the case of a vehicle crash, or post crash circumstance. 2014 – Present Sandia and Idaho N.L.

8. Battery State-of-Health and Stability Diagnostic Tool Set Development Research and develop embeddable technology to determine the safety related health and stability of a Li-ion based RESS, particularly in one which has lost communication or has been isolated as in the case of a vehicle crash, or post crash circumstance. Rapid spectrum measurement (10 seconds) Design compatible with in-situ applications Limited frequency range (.0125 to 2k Hz) Limited frequency resolution (octave steps) Range and resolution traded for speed (one period of lowest frequency) Based on Harmonic Compensated Synchronous Detection (HCSD) 2014 – Present Sandia and Idaho N.L.

9. Battery State-of-Health and Stability Diagnostic Tool Set Development Based on Harmonic Compensated Synchronous Detection (HCSD) Sum of Sines (SOS) current excites battery with one period of lowest frequency SOS octave frequency steps Captured voltage waveform synchronously detected at each frequency Validated with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 2014 – Present Sandia and Idaho N.L.

10. Battery State-of-Health and Stability Diagnostic Tool Set Development Validation complete using a 5 V IMB (single cell) 1P, 2P, 3P, 4P 50 V IMB in place and testing ongoing (3S1P, 3S2P, 3S4P) 300V IMB in development Uses: On-board safety assessment Compliance test pass/fail criteria (simpler and more performance based) Safety in handling 2014 – Present Sandia and Idaho N.L.

11. QUESTIONS?