2. Hemphill & Coons, 1957: 7 Tannenbaum, Weschler & Massarik, 1961: 24 Stogdill, 1974: 411 Katz & Kahn, 1978: 528 Rauch & Behling, 1984: 46 Jacobs & Jaques, 1990: 281 Hosking, 1988: 153

3. “Leadership is a process of social influence and deliberately used by a person to another person to structure the activities and relationships within a group and organization.” Leadership vs. Management? “Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing.”

4. The indicators that are typically used on the leadership affectiveness are the extent to which the organizational unit of the leaders carry out and achieve their duties. Objective evaluation Subjective evaluation

5. Articulate the attractive visions Enhance followers commitment Enhance followers effort Improve quality and productivity Increase sales and profits The Causal Chain of Leadership Affectiveness

6.  Direct effect refers to the decisions and actions of leaders that have a direct impact on what was done, how it is done, or the extent to which the efficiency of doing so. Leaders can influence the followers to work faster or do things better. Example: offering the special incentives and give inspirational class  Indirect effects refer to the decisions and actions of leaders according through the causal chain of leadership affectiveness. Example: give the attentions of teamwork and loyalty to the organization

7. Theory of Personality Theory of Behavior Situational Theory

8. Continuum Model Autocratic-Democratic Model "Boss-Subordinate Interactions" Model "Leader-Participation Liege"

9. “Real leadership is not determined by a person's rank or position. Leadership is something that comes from within and is the fruit of a person's decision to be the leader, both for himself, for families, for the work environment, as well as for the social environment and not for the country”.

10. Visionary Succesful Together Teachable and Learn Continuous Prepare Prospective Future Leaders

11. Intergrity Optimism Love Changes Dare to Face Risks