1. Chapter 11 Section 4 The Holocaust

2. The Beginning April 4, 1933 – 3 months after Hitler came to power All non Aryans removed from government jobs The beginning of Hitler’s racial purity campaign

3. Why the Jews? Anti-Semitism had deep roots in Europe Jews were an easy scapegoat Hitler blamed defeat in WWI and economic problems on Jews – People believed him

4. Nuremberg Laws New laws announced at a Nazi rally in Nuremberg – 1 st law: The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor: prohibited marriages between “Jews ” (the name was now officially used in place of “non-Aryans ”) and Germans – 2 nd law: The Reich Citizenship Law: stripped Jews of their German citizenship – Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David on their clothing

6. Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 “the night of the broken glass” – Nazi’s attack Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues all across Germany – Massive destruction, which the Jews are blamed for. 20,000 Jew sent to concentration camps – Jews will pay for destruction with 20% of their property

8. No Where to Run Countries did not let Jewish refugees into their countries in large numbers, why? – From 1933-1945 132,000 come to American, most of any country – SS St. Louis – Encourages Hitler that no one likes Jews

9. The Final Solution Jews couldn’t leave, had to be killed – Healthy Jews would be sent to labor camps. The rest would be exterminated – Everyone would be killed that was not part of the “master-race” Jews Gypsies Poles Disabled Jehovah's Witnesses Homosexuals

10. T-4 Program First group of people to be systematically killed by Hitler – Disabled, insane, terminally ill would receive a “merciful death” Starved to death Drugged to death Gassed

11. It was a complicated effort to kill so many people – Killing squads, shoot people Jews were rounded up and shipped to Ghettos – Horrible conditions – Starving, diseased – Waited to be transported to a concentration camp

12. Some went to work camps, others to extermination camps

13. Extermination Bullets cost money, starving takes too long – Built six death camps in Poland with gas chambers Could kill 6,000 daily – Doctors pick who will die, who will work – Those picked to die were taken to the “shower” Told to undress Were given soap Poison gas came out of vents in shower room

14. Bodies were burned in huge crematoriums Some were used for medical experiments – Joseph Mengele “Auschwitz Angel of Death” Did experiments, especially on twins “Patients" were put into pressure chambers, tested with drugs, castrated, frozen to death, and exposed to various other traumas

16. Survivors Amazingly people did survive the Holocaust – 6 million Jews killed – 5 million non-Jews killed Today some people question whether or not the Holocaust really happened… Today some people question whether or not the Holocaust really happened…

17. Death Camp Number of Victims Auschwitz2,000,000 Belzec850,000 Sobibor250,000 Treblinka700,000 Chelmno300,000

18. Country Pre-War 1939 After -War 1945 Survival Rate Poland3,250,00050,0001.5% Russia2,100,000600,00028% Rumania800,000430,00053% Hungary400,000200,00050% Czechoslov akia 315,00044,00014% France350,000275,00078% Germany240,00080,00033% Netherland s 140,00020,00015% Italy50,00033,00066% Yugoslavia75,00012,00014%

19. Effects of the War Chapter 11 Section 5 “Field of Stars”: Each star equals 100 lives, 4,000 stars

20. Securing the Peace Yalta Conference – February 1945 FDR, Churchill and Stalin met Decided to create the United Nations (UN) Stalin agreed to enter the war against Japan Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe

21. Potsdam Conference Truman, Churchill, and Stalin met in July 1945 near Berlin – Agreed to split Germany – Stalin confirmed he would invade Japan – Stalin confirmed he would allow free elections in Eastern Europe

22. Occupation of Germany Germany split into 4 zones – Controlled by USA, USSR, England, France Berlin was inside USSR’s zone – Berlin was split into 4 zones as well

23. The Superpowers After WWII America was wealthy, militarily powerful (atomic bomb), and confident After WWII USSR controlled most of Eastern Europe, had the world’s largest army, the Red Army

24. Shaping the Postwar World April 25, 1945 fifty nations met in San Francisco to create the United Nations – A lot like the League of Nations – Made up of a General Assembly and a Security Council General Assembly- made up of all nations in the United Nations Security Council- 11 members – 5 permanent, each with a veto power (USA, France, China, USSR, England) – 6 rotating countries elected by General Assembly

25. In 1948 UN issued the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – “All human are born free and equal in dignity and rights”

26. Justice in Germany Nuremberg Trials – 22 Nazi leaders tried on war crimes and crimes against humanity 12 sentenced to death First time in history a countries leaders were held legally responsible for wartime crimes

27. Occupation of Japan Japanese officials put on trial – Tojo executed Emperor Hirohito allowed to stay in power, why? American occupation lasts 6 years

28. General MacArthur was in command – Introduced free markets to Japan – Called for a new constitution To this day Japan’s constitution is know as the MacArthur Constitution Japan quickly rebounds economically

29. A Return to Isolationism? America did not return to isolationism after WWII – Realized that world affairs have an impact on America WWII helped end the Great Depression and we were headed into a booming decade in the 1950s