1. Civil Rights Movement

2. Education Brown v. The Board of Education: Supreme Court decision which overturned “separate but equal” in schools Little Rock Nine: Arkansas was going to desegregate Central High School. Governor sent national guard to block entrance Ike sent troops to enforce the law

3. Protests Rosa Parks: December 1, 1955 she refuses to leave her bus seat for a white man Montgomery Bus Boycott: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. reluctantly lead a boycott of busses in AlabamaMontgomery Bus Boycott: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. reluctantly lead a boycott of busses in Alabama

4. Protests SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference: expansion of MIA, church based groups looking to end discrimination…led by Martin Luther King JrSCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference: expansion of MIA, church based groups looking to end discrimination…led by Martin Luther King Jr Sit-ins: nonviolent strategy used by protesters who sat at places they were not allowed and refused to leaveSit-ins: nonviolent strategy used by protesters who sat at places they were not allowed and refused to leave SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: loose association of student activists in the SouthSNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: loose association of student activists in the South

5. Freedom Riders Hoping to draw attention to ruling that transportation was no longer segregated, a group of integrated (black and white) students took a bus tour throughout the SouthHoping to draw attention to ruling that transportation was no longer segregated, a group of integrated (black and white) students took a bus tour throughout the South In Alabama one of the two buses was firebombedIn Alabama one of the two buses was firebombed JFK urged the Alabama Governor to protect the riders but when they arrived in Montgomery, Alabama they were beaten badlyJFK urged the Alabama Governor to protect the riders but when they arrived in Montgomery, Alabama they were beaten badly In Mississippi they were also targeted forcing RFK to request federal marshals to protect the ridersIn Mississippi they were also targeted forcing RFK to request federal marshals to protect the riders By 1963 all interstate commerce was desegregatedBy 1963 all interstate commerce was desegregated

7. Mississippi and Alabama In 1962, despite refusal of the Governor, James Meredith was the first African American to be admitted to the Univ of Miss and later graduated in 1963In 1962, despite refusal of the Governor, James Meredith was the first African American to be admitted to the Univ of Miss and later graduated in 1963 Meredith’s acceptance caused a riot that JFK put down by using Army troopsMeredith’s acceptance caused a riot that JFK put down by using Army troops Medgar Evers, a civil rights activist and NAACP Field Secretary was murdered in 1963Medgar Evers, a civil rights activist and NAACP Field Secretary was murdered in 1963 In April 1963 the SCLC and MLK ordered a march on Birmingham that led to 600 arrests and police using night sticks, dogs, and fire hoses to squash the protestIn April 1963 the SCLC and MLK ordered a march on Birmingham that led to 600 arrests and police using night sticks, dogs, and fire hoses to squash the protest

8. Civil Rights Act of 1964 JFK, with re-election on the line pushed for sweeping civil rights legislation in 1963JFK, with re-election on the line pushed for sweeping civil rights legislation in 1963 To build support for JFK’s law, MLK called for a March on WashingtonTo build support for JFK’s law, MLK called for a March on Washington King delivered the final speech, his famous “I have a dream” speech in August of 1963King delivered the final speech, his famous “I have a dream” speech in August of 1963 Sept 1963, a bomb explodes at a church killing 4 young girls in Birmingham, ALSept 1963, a bomb explodes at a church killing 4 young girls in Birmingham, AL

12. Civil Rights Act of 1964 LBJ had replaced Kennedy as President in Nov 1963LBJ had replaced Kennedy as President in Nov 1963 Johnson urged Congress to pass the law and despite Southern resistance it passed by large margins in both houses and he signed itJohnson urged Congress to pass the law and despite Southern resistance it passed by large margins in both houses and he signed it Civil Rights Act of 1964: Discrimination in employment and public accommodations is illegal and allowed the federal government to enforce school desegregationCivil Rights Act of 1964: Discrimination in employment and public accommodations is illegal and allowed the federal government to enforce school desegregation

13. Percentage of eligible black voters in Mississippi 40 percent of Mississippi’s population was African American40 percent of Mississippi’s population was African American Only 5 percent of eligible voters were registeredOnly 5 percent of eligible voters were registered Some counties had zero registered African AmericansSome counties had zero registered African Americans Literacy tests were still usedLiteracy tests were still used

14. COFO Council of Federated OrganizationsCouncil of Federated Organizations Group to organize voter registration drivesGroup to organize voter registration drives Conducted mock elections to show African Americans how to voteConducted mock elections to show African Americans how to vote

15. Freedom Summer The SNCC recruited white volunteers from northern campuses to work in voter registration drives in SouthThe SNCC recruited white volunteers from northern campuses to work in voter registration drives in South

16. Freedom Summer 3 volunteers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner were killed and there bodies found 6 weeks later3 volunteers, Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner were killed and there bodies found 6 weeks later News stunned the nation that white men were killed in the South over Civil RightsNews stunned the nation that white men were killed in the South over Civil Rights The killings scared African Americans away from registering and hurt the registration drivesThe killings scared African Americans away from registering and hurt the registration drives

17. Selma to Montgomery In Selma there were 15,000 African Americans but only 383 were registeredIn Selma there were 15,000 African Americans but only 383 were registered MLK ordered a protest march on Selma, Gov Wallace of Alabama banned the protestMLK ordered a protest march on Selma, Gov Wallace of Alabama banned the protest It went on anyway and the police beat the marchers in an attack that is now known as “Bloody Sunday”It went on anyway and the police beat the marchers in an attack that is now known as “Bloody Sunday” It led to increased urgency in Congress to pass a tougher voting rights act quicklyIt led to increased urgency in Congress to pass a tougher voting rights act quickly

18. Voting Rights Act of 1965 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Placing voting registration completely in the hands of the federal governmentPlacing voting registration completely in the hands of the federal government In 1964 only 6% of African Americans were registered, that number rose to 59% in 1968In 1964 only 6% of African Americans were registered, that number rose to 59% in 1968

19. Black Muslims Group emphasized the supremacy of black people over all other racesGroup emphasized the supremacy of black people over all other races Elijah Muhammad took over the group by the 1930’sElijah Muhammad took over the group by the 1930’s Black Muslims preached self-discipline and did not drink or smoke, during the Depression they refused government assistanceBlack Muslims preached self-discipline and did not drink or smoke, during the Depression they refused government assistance Movement included freed convicts who Muhammad urged to change their livesMovement included freed convicts who Muhammad urged to change their lives

20. Malcolm X Born Malcolm LittleBorn Malcolm Little While in prison he embraced the teaching s of Elijah Muhammad and became a powerful speaker for the Nation of IslamWhile in prison he embraced the teaching s of Elijah Muhammad and became a powerful speaker for the Nation of Islam Often criticized MLK for his non-violent ways and accepting the help of whitesOften criticized MLK for his non-violent ways and accepting the help of whites After a pilgrimage to Mecca he began to take a more traditional approach to IslamAfter a pilgrimage to Mecca he began to take a more traditional approach to Islam Killed by 3 Black Muslims who rejected his change in philosophyKilled by 3 Black Muslims who rejected his change in philosophy

21. Black Power Movement Called for “Black Separatism” from the mainstreamCalled for “Black Separatism” from the mainstream MLK urged leaders not to use slogans that might create hostility amongst white supporters of the Civil Rights MovementMLK urged leaders not to use slogans that might create hostility amongst white supporters of the Civil Rights Movement The Black panther party grew from the movementThe Black panther party grew from the movement

22. Martin Luther King Jr King tried to bring to light injustices in housing discrimination by moving into a Chicago slumKing tried to bring to light injustices in housing discrimination by moving into a Chicago slum Chicago’s leaders met his demands to improve living conditions for African Americans in the cityChicago’s leaders met his demands to improve living conditions for African Americans in the city While in Tennessee in 1968 King was shot by a sniper and killed, his assassin was James Earl RayWhile in Tennessee in 1968 King was shot by a sniper and killed, his assassin was James Earl Ray Riots erupted throughout the country leaving 46 dead and thousands injuredRiots erupted throughout the country leaving 46 dead and thousands injured