1. Protein Concentrates

2. Protein Supplements Genrally more then 20% CP NPN: Urea and ammonium phosphate

3. Meat-Bone & Blood Meal (80-95% CP ) Can not feed ruminant derived protein to ruminants Can feed to swine, poultry and pet diets Quality varies (amt. bone & tendons & temperatures used) Best to use as part of protein suppl. & not sole source

4. Poultry Byproducts Feather meal 85% CP Use sparingly in nonruminants (AA deficiencies) Can be used with ruminants Need extensive cooking to make protein available

5. Milk Products

6. Milk products Typically more expensive than other protein sources. Used in milk replacers and starter diets for young pigs and ruminants Sprayed-dried preferred over drum dried (less overheating)

7. Marine Protein Sources Types Fish caught for making meal Residues from processing for humans Herring & related species – high oil Oil removed for fish meal

8. Marine Protein High quality (high lysine) B-vitamins and minerals Swine & poultry Generally higher cost than plant prot. Quality control more challenge (e.g. rancidity)

9. Plant Proteins Oil Seeds Soybeans PeanutsSafflower Cottonseed Flax(linseed)Rapeseed SunflowerSesame

10. Removing Oil Expeller –Cracked, dried 15-20 min extruded –May cause some reduced bioavailability Prepress-solvent –Modified expeller, then solvents –Used with seeds with high (35%) oil Solvent extraction –With Hexane or other solvent, low temp

11. Oil Seeds As a group, high protein (40%) Mostly (90%) true protein Most low in cystine and methionine Most low in lysine (except soybean)

12. Soybean Meal Whole soybean – 15-21% oil Usually solv. Ext. Standardized to 44% or 50% CP Methionine and lysine more limiting AA for swine & poultry so good protein for them

13. Soybean Meal (cont.) Goitrogenic material in meal –Long term use goiter? Trypsin inhibitors (inhibit protein dig.) –Problem for nonruminant –Therefore: heat it. Genistin, a plant estrogen

14. Whole Soybeans 38% CP, 18% fat, and 5% CF Trypsin Inhibitors –Heat (100 C, 3 minutes) –Not sure if need to do for beef cattle