1. © 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Class Name, Instructor Name Date, Semester Lasley & Guskos, Criminal Investigation: An Illustrated Case Study Approach 1ed Chapter 12 ROBBERY SCENES

2. © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Summarize the trends and elements of robbery Differentiate between the types of robbery Identify robber types and characteristics Explain how a robbery investigation is conducted CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Describe the use of evidence and witnesses in robbery investigations Describe common victims and targets of robbery

3. Describe the use of evidence and witnesses in robbery investigations Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

4. Evidence from Robbery 4

5. Robbery Defined The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.

6. Identify robber types and characteristics Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

7. Robbery Offenders Committed by amateurs, who engage in various other offending activities in addition to robbery Carried out in public locations such as streets, parks, fields, playgrounds, or parking areas Attacks by offenders who are strangers to the victim in approximately three out of four incidents Disorganized, unplanned events that involve little if any preparation Brazen acts where the offender(s) rob their victim(s) with little concern for being recorded by CCTV cameras or other security devices Situations in which the victim(s) most likely will endure some type of physical harm, especially when the offender uses a weapon Executed by offenders who behave irrationally or carelessly because they are under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol at the time the crime is committed 7

8. Crimes carried out in public 8

9. Differentiate between the types of robbery Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

10. 10 Robbery Types Armed Robbery Robbery committed by the use of a weapon, most often a gun Strong Arm Robbery Robbery committed by either using or threatening to use physical force

11. Armed Robbery 11

12. Explain how a robbery investigation is conducted Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

13. 13 Investigative Tactics for Robberies As quickly as possible all victims, witnesses; separate all parties, learn details of crime Interview Victim & Witnesses Surveillance photos, weapon involved, entry/exit point, escape method, vehicle used Obtain a physical description of suspect(s) Issue a bulletin to other officers, flyers, contact information of investigators Canvass the crime scene vicinity

14. Describe common victims and targets of robbery Learning Objectives After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes

15. 15 Bank Robberies—2% of all robberies ReportingWitnessesSecurityTiming

16. 16 Bank Robbery Methods Note Pass Robbery —most common, offender appears normal and passes as note to the teller Traditional Stickup —suspects confronts the teller with a weapon or something resembling a weapon Morning Glory Robbery —small/medium size banks, may hide outside of the bank, goal to enter early in the morning to obtain money

17. 17 Bank Robbery Methods Closing Time Robbery Suspects enters back near closing time and lingers, tries to be the last customer of the day Take- over Robbery Most daring, violent, dangerous, multiple offenders who have their crime planned out

18. Amateur Bank Robbers Working alone without the help of other offenders Failing to wear a disguise or alter physical appearance Having a history of abusing drugs and/or alcohol, and perhaps are under the influence of such during the commission of the crime Using a passive method of force or fear, such as note passing instead of a weapon Employing a “wait in line” approach to victimize a single teller Committing the crime during heavy customer traffic hours, such as middays or Fridays before closing Obtaining a relatively low sum of money from the crime, on average between 4,000 and 5,000 dollars Completing the actual robbery and leaving the scene in a very short period of time, usually 5 minutes or less 18

19. Amateur Bank Robber 19

20. Professional Bank Robbers Using masks or other methods to disguise physical appearance Deactivating alarms or disabling surveillance cameras Working with multiple offenders Using a take-over robbery technique Carrying and/or using weapons Entering the bank at times when relatively few customers are present Taking hostages to enforce demands Robbing multiple teller stations and attempting entry into the bank’s vault Verbalizing loudly, making threats to instill fear and intimidate onlookers Obtaining large amounts of cash, usually $40,000 or more 20

21. ATM ROBBERY Street ATM Robbery 21 These situations involve a relatively straightforward violent attack on an ATM customer who is usually using a machine in a remote location that enables the offender to catch the victim by surprise. Typically, the robber hides near an ATM machine and waits for a lone victim to withdraw cash. After the withdrawal, the offender quickly approaches the victim from behind with a real or fake weapon and demand the cash and perhaps the victim’s ATM card.

22. ATM ROBBERY Commercial ATM Robberies 22 This type of robbery is directed at either banking or security personnel who maintain and service ATM machines. Typically, the offender strikes when ATM machines are opened for repair or to replenish the machine’s supply of cash.

23. Taxi Cab Robberies Hailing a taxi at a roadside taxi stand and then robbing the driver immediately upon stopping the vehicle Entering the cab as a client and sitting in the front passenger seat; then asking the driver if the shift has been busy (to assess the driver’s cash on-hand) and, if so, holding up the driver with a handgun Having a woman decoy call for a cab to pick her up at a remote location and then having the cab driver victimized upon arrival by a male robber. Ordering the driver at gunpoint to a remote location, robbing the driver, and then locking the driver in the trunk of the vehicle Robbing the driver, dropping the driver in a remote location, and carjacking the taxi Asking the driver to change course or make an unplanned stop to a location where the robbery executes the robbery or has accomplices waiting to assist in the robbery 23

24. 24 Convenience Store Robbery Straight approach suspect goes right into the store and demands money Customer approach enters store as a customer and then later demands money

25. Customer Approach 25

26. Convenience store characteristics for those more likely to be targeted for robberies Located in isolated industrial or commercial areas away from shopping centers or strip malls A large amount of obstructions inside or outside the store, and in particular windows covered with advertisements that block persons on the outside from seeing into the store’s interior Staffing only one employee during overnight graveyard shifts Allowing persons to loiter in the store’s parking lot or in front of the store Inadequate lighting or security technology, including CCTVs, security cameras, or alarm systems Having large amounts of money on hand, and not using drop safes or other methods to limit cash in registers An internal store layout that enables persons to hide out of sight from the clerk and also provides multiple entrance and exit locations 26

27. 27 Typical Home Invasion Robberies Detailed plans between suspects and juvenile informant Suspect pick up weapons, duct tape, etc. One or two cars are stolen for the robbery One or two girls are enlisted as decoys

28. 28 Typical Home Invasion Robberies Robbery usually happens when older male home or mother is taking care of children Robbers tie the victim’s hands and feet, pistol whip Steal the items and exit the home leaving residents restrained Robbers leave the crime scene in one of the stolen vehicles

29. 29 Other types of Robberies Drug Targets person leaving pharmacies after picking up pain pills or other illicit drugs Freight Often nonviolent, at truck stops, public parking areas, roadsides, etc. Armored Truck Violent crime scenes, victims and truck personnel are both armed

30. 30 False Robbery Claim Justifications Workplace robberies Insurance fraud RevengeAttention Cover-ups

31. Revenge 31

32. © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. Approximately 50 percent of all robberies are executed by an offender armed with a weapon, which classifies the crime as an armed robbery. Alternatively, robbery committed by either using or threatening to use physical force is classified as strong arm robbery. CHAPTER SUMMARY

33. © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved CHAPTER SUMMARY Most bank robberies can be classified as one of several types, based on the offender’s method of execution. First, and most common, is the note pass robbery, where the offender simply passes a note to the bank telling demanding money. Second, the traditional stick-up involves the use of a weapon (usually a handgun) to gain compliance of bank personnel during the robbery. Third, the morning glory robbery is carried out when the robber enters the bank before opening hours by using some form of trickery. Fourth, the closing-time robbery occurs when the bank has locked its doors for the day, serving the remaining customers in the building—the last of which is the robber. Last is the most daring, violent, and dangerous form of bank robbery—take-over robberies. These are usually carried out by multiple offenders who have planned their individual roles in the robbery and their means of escape.

34. © 2013 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All Rights Reserved CHAPTER SUMMARY Perhaps the most dangerous workplace robbery, where homicide is most likely to result, takes place in taxi cabs. Second most dangerous are robberies taking place in convenience stores. Other popular targets for robbery include persons at ATM machines, persons storing large amounts of cash and valuables in their homes, big rigs and armored trucks that carry cash and property with a high black-market value, and pharmacies for their prescription drugs.