1. Road to Secession

2. The Missouri Compromise 1818: People of Missouri wanted to join the Union Most were from southern states and wanted slavery to be legal Abolitionists wanted to stop slavery from expanding into new states At the time, the United States had an equal number of slave and nonslave states

3. The Missouri Compromise A New York congressman suggested that no more slaves be brought into Missouri and that all slaves born there be freed at the age of 21 The Southern States were outraged This was the first time slavery was under attack in Congress

4. The Missouri Compromise Charles Pinckney of SC stated that the dispute over slavery might well lead to “the division of this Union, and a civil war.”

5. The Missouri Compromise At the time, Maine asked also to join the Union Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was a nonslave state The southern boundary of Missouri was made the dividing line for slavery Slavery would be legal south of the line; it would be illegal north of the line

7. Lets get ready to rumble… Jackson vs. Calhoun

8. Tariff of 1832 South bought a lot of goods from Britain because they were cheaper than those from the North The North did not like this because the South was richer than they were Tariff of 1832: 45% tax on all goods bought from other countries Known as the “Tariff of Abominations” Goal was to protect Northern factories

9. John C. Calhoun 1832: Vice President under Andrew Jackson Calhoun felt that the tariff of 1832 was not fair to SC Secretly wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest Encouraged the state not to pay attention to the tax Nullification: a state has the right to not follow a federal law SC made plans to use force to stop tax collectors This started the Nullification Crisis

10. The Nullification Crisis President Jackson responded with a letter called “Proclamation to the People of South Carolina” Jackson promised to use the army in SC to collect the tax SC was divided: Nullifiers and Unionists Nullifiers wanted to oppose the federal government Unionists wanted to support the federal government

11. The Nullification Crisis Behind the scenes, Calhoun worked with Henry Clay to lower the tariff and prevent a civil war Tariff of 1833 reduced the tax over a period of 9 years SC then repealed the Ordinance of Nullification Result: Crisis was over Tension between fed. gov’t and southern states SC was viewed as the most RADICAL state

12. Compromise of 1850 Involved territory won in the Mexican War California wanted to become a state President Zachary Taylor favored admitting CA as a free state Southern states said this violated the Missouri Compromise Threatened to hold a convention in Nashville Henry Clay, “The Great Compromiser,” worked out a compromise

13. Compromise of 1850 CA was admitted as a free state Allowed slavery in the rest of territory gained from Mexico End of slavery in District of Columbia Congress could not stop the interstate slave trade Passage of Fugitive Slave law: law enforcement in all states must return runaway slaves to their owners of face a $1000 fine

16. Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas and Nebraska made up one large state Territory divided into two states Each state would vote on the issue of slavery This was called popular sovereignty It was assumed that Kansas would be a slave state and Nebraska a free state Created more conflict Both North and South sent groups into Kansas Violence broke out between pro and anti slavery groups Known as “Bleeding Kansas”

17. Bleeding Kansas John Brown was an abolitionists led violent attacks in Kansas eventually killing over 200 people In one attack he killed five people by hacking them to death with broadswords

20. “Whompin” in the Senate May 22, 1856- Preston Brooks caned Senator Charles Sumner in the U.S. Senate Chambers in retaliation for a speech.

21. Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts began a two-day speech in which he denounced "The Crime Against Kansas." "It is the rape of a virgin territory," he declared, "compelling it to the hateful embrace of slavery.'" The Massachusetts senator proceeded to denounce a number of Southern senators, including Senator Andrew Butler of South Carolina. Sumner accused Senator Butler of taking "the harlot, Slavery," for his "mistress" and proceeded to make fun of a medical disorder from which Senator Butler suffered.

23. Bleeding Kansas After the first election results were disputed, proslavery groups refused to participate in a second election Abolitionists won and Kansas became a free state In response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Republican Party was formed Election of 1860: Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won

25. Dred Scott vs. Sanford Born a slave Traveled and lived in Illinois and Wisconsin where slavery is illegal, with his master Asked the federal court for his freedom since he lived in a free territory Court ruled that Scott could not be free because he was not a citizen and had no right to file a court case Chief Justice also said that Congress did not have the power to end slavery in a state or territory