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Thinking Question #1 How do we convert food into energy for the cell?
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Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration: the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen Basically: FOOD ENERGY (ATP) Overall Equation: 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy oxygen + glucose food) carbon dioxide + water +ATP
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Thinking Question #2 A.Do plants & animals both carry out cellular respiration? B.Where do you think this process occurs within a cell?
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Cellular Respiration: Two Stages Stage 1: Glycolysis: -Breaking down of Glucose - Occurs in the cytoplasm - No oxygen needed Stage 2: Aerobic Respiration: -Production of ATP -Occurs in mitochondria -Needs oxygen -Two sets of reactions: 1. Krebs cycle 2. Electron Transport chain
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Glycolysis (Sugar Breaking) Occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell 6 carbon glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules 2 ATP molecules are used to break down the glucose 4 ATP molecules are produced as a result of breaking down the glucose Net Gain of ATP for Glycolysis: 2ATP 2 NADH high energy carrier molecule (taxi) produced http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/co ntent/cellularrespiration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/co ntent/cellularrespiration.html
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Glycolysis
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GLYCOLYSIS—no oxygen, anaerobic LET’S LABEL TOGETHER
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Concept Check: LOCATION OF GLYCOLYSIS MATERIAL USED MATERIAL PRODUCED
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Stage 2: Aerobic Respiration/ATP Production Overview: MUST HAVE OXYGEN Starts with pyruvic acid from glycolysis Will produce 34-36 more ATPs Takes place in the mitochondria 1 St set of reactions (Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle) occur in the mitochondrial matrix 2 nd set of reactions (Electron Transport Chain) occur within the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Takes place in the Mitochondria *First set of reactions in matrix *Second set of reactions in inner mitochondrial membranes *First set of reactions in matrix *Second set of reactions in inner mitochondrial membranes LABEL THE PORTION OF THE MITOCHONDRION WHERE THE KREBS/CITRIC ACID CYCLE TAKES PLACE LABEL THE PORTION OF THE MITOCHONDRION WHERE THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN OCCURS
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Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle: 1 st Set of Reactions Aerobic Respiration Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) travels from cytoplasm to mitochondria and reacts with Coenzyme A to form Acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released. Acetyl CoA is a 2 carbon compound that enters into the mitochondria and begins the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Acetyl-CoA (Acetic Acid) becomes part of a 6 carbon chain (citric acid) and then breaks down in the cycle into carbon dioxide (waste product we breath out). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCypoN3X7KQ&featur e=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCypoN3X7KQ&featur e=related
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Krebs Cycle/Citric acid Cycle Cont. As the citric acid is being broken down during the Krebs cycle, high energy energy electrons are released and transferred to electron acceptor molecules (NAD+ and FAD) NAD+ NADH and FAD FADH 2 2 ATP Molecules Produced At the end of the Krebs cycle these electron acceptors now contain the energy that was once stored in glucose and pyruvate. LOW ENERGY HIGH ENERGY NAD+ NADH FAD FADH 2 ADP ATP
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Krebs Cycle Overview: Let’s Label Together
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Concept Check Thinking Question #3 So what is the point of the Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle? Concept Check
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Take Home Point for Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle Krebs cycle ultimately pulls out the energy in pyruvate. This energy is then carried as high-energy electrons by the “electron shuttles/taxis” NADH and FADH 2
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Video http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/c ontent/cellularrespiration.html http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/c ontent/cellularrespiration.html Eye of the Tiger:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btPJPFnesV4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btPJPFnesV4
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Concept Check: LOCATION OF KREBS CYCLE/CITRI C ACID CYCLE MATERIAL USED MATERIAL PRODUCED
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Electron Transport Chain: 2 nd Set of Reactions in Aerobic Respiration The “electron shuttles/taxis” NADH and FADH 2 from the Krebs Cycle carry the electrons to the inner part of the mitochondrial membrane Here the electrons are passed through a series of electron transport enzymes (passing of a basketball from one player to the next) Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the chain
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Thinking Question #4 So why do we really need to breathe in oxygen?
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Electron Transport Chain Cont.: ATP Production So where does the ATP come from? As the electrons are being passed down the chain Hydrogen ions (H+) are being pumped out of the inner mitochondria H+ ions begin to accumulate on the outside of the membrane creating a concentration gradient Hydrogen ions (H+) diffuse back through the membrane (High-Low) through a carrier protein which converts ADP to ATP At end of transport chain Hydrogen (H+) ions,spent electrons and O 2 combine to form water. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idy2XAlZIVA&fea ture=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idy2XAlZIVA&fea ture=related
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Electron Transport Chain: Let’s Label Together
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Concept Check Thinking Question #5 In your own words explain the overall point or purpose of the electron transport chain.
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Electron Transport Chain Using the energy stored in NADH and FADH 2 to create a concentration gradient that ultimately makes ATP for the cell
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Cellular Respiration End result 1 Glucose 36 ATP molecules
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Thinking Question #6 If cellular respiration requires oxygen to occur, what happens if oxygen is missing from the equation?
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Fermentation Without oxygen fermentation occurs. In plants and yeast: Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. In animals: Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid Only the ATP from glycolysis is produced (2ATP) Once glucose runs out fermentation stops
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Next step: Let’s Label Together Energy Pain
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A review
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Summary of Cellular Respiration GlycolysisKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain Location Presence or Absence of Oxygen What is Produced As a result of Reaction
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Summary of Aerobic Respiration GlycolysisKrebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain LocationCytoplasmMitochondrial Matrix Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Presence or Absence of Oxygen Anaerobic (no oxygen) Oxygen Present What is Produced As a result of Reaction Pyruvate Net Gain of 2ATP molecules 2NADH Carbon Dioxide High energy Carriers NADH FADH 2 2ATP 32 Molecules of ATP Water
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Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are almost opposite processes Let’s compare them:
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PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION Function Location Reactants Products Equation See If You Can Fill In The Chart
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PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION Function Energy Storage (Make Food) Energy Release (Break down food into energy) Location ChloroplastsCytoplasm/Mitochond ria Reactants CO 2 and H 2 O SunlightC 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 Products C 6 H 12 O 6 and O 2 CO 2 and H 2 O & ATP Equation 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP
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Let’s Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M&fea ture=plcp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh2P5CmCC0M&fea ture=plcp http://www.quia.com/rr/216170.html (Millionaire Game) http://www.quia.com/rr/216170.html
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