1. Hot year round. Sun’s direct rays year round. Averages 80 o Precipitation amount 80+ inches a year. Rains almost daily Low latitudes - Amazon River Basin, Congo River Basin, & Indonesia Biome Lush and diverse rainforest vegetation. Deciduous trees in layers form a canopy. Always hot, humid, and rainy. TONS of animal and plant species.

2. High year round Temperatures of 80 o Or higher – direct sun rays Distinct (obvious) dry Season for at least Two months (winter) Rainy in the Summer and Dry in the Winter – but always hot. Low latitudes – Llanos of Venezuela Caribbean Islands & Tanzania Biome Savanna grasses and scattered trees, think Lion King

3. Temperatures in the low latitudes are hot in the day and cool at night. In the mid- latitudes temperatures vary with latitude. Less than ten inches of precipitation in a year. Low and mid- latitude climates Gobi, Mojave, & Kalahari Biome (desert scrub) Hot and arid (dry) during the day. Cold and arid (dry) during the night. Occasional Oasis.

4. in Tropics - hot (95º F) Mid-latitude – wide range - can average 100º F in summer and below zero in winter Between 10 and 20 inches of precipitation in a year Low and mid- latitude climates. The Sahel, Central Asia, and the inter- mountain region of the US Biome (sort of a grassland) with few trees or cactus. Desertification in process (land becoming a desert) Found on the outer edge of a desert.

5. High month - 60 – 70ºF cold month – just above freezing. Cloudy, mild summers and winters. Small temp. range. Cloud cover year round Ocean air Windward side - more precipitation. Mts – 100+ inches a year. No mts. - 30 – 90 inches in a year Western coasts in mid- latitudes Near the ocean. Coastal Oregon, Western Europe, & New Zealand Biome (deciduous forest/ mixed forest) large forest of coniferous and deciduous trees – hint: bring your umbrella Usually on the West Coast, always cloudy and rainy

6. Usually found on the West Coast. Comfortable throughout the year. Hint: Time for the Beach Biome Chaparral underbrush, woody bushes and short trees – cork, olives, grapes, etc. Leathery leaves hold moisture Precipitation: 15 – 30 inches (mostly in the winter) west side of mid-latitude continents near cool ocean currents. between 30 – 40° N & S and around the Mediterranean, Southern California, & Southern Australia summer (75 - 80º with cool nights) Winter (around 50º)

7. SE coast between 23 ½ - 40º N & S. SE China, SE USA, and Southern tip of Africa year round – varies from 25 inches inland to about 100 inches near the coast. High humidity Biome deciduous forest and mixed forest Hint: Have your storm kit ready summer 75 to 95º and short mild winters 45 - 50º Colder as move toward the Poles Cyclonic storms (tornadoes, typhoons and hurricanes) in this climate. Houston is in this climate, hot and humid.

8. interior of mid-latitude continents in N. Hem. coast between 50 - 60º N. S. Canada & N. US, W. Russia, & NE China More dry as travel north 20 – 50 in. (most in summer) Varies as move inland. Summer 75 - 85º Winter - below freezing to 10º Biome Deciduous forest Grassland (prairie) Hint: Usually on the East Coast ALL 4 SEASONS: Warm in the Summer, Cold in the Winter, Colorful leaves in the Fall, & Flowers in the Spring

9. Biome Taiga – Russian word for forest. The Taiga is a boreal forest – needled evergreens 5 – 15 inches (summer) Drier as move toward Poles Summer 60º - 70º. Long winter below freezing (some below 0º) south of the Arctic Circle in N. Hemisphere. Inland Canada, Siberia, and Northern Scandinavia Always cold – Christmas (Coniferous) trees everywhere! Canada, Alaska, etc.

10. High latitudes. Coastal Greenland, Peninsular Antarctica, & Arctic border lands Cold: Never above 50° at least 9 months below freezing – some below 0º dry - less than 10 in. a yr., but not as dry as Ice Cap Biome Short bushes, short grass, mosses, and lichen. Permafrost everywhere! Permafrost (ice as a top layer on the ground) Siberia, Greenland, etc.

11. Due to the Polar night – 6 months a year the sun does not rise above the horizon (24 hours dark) Not hot enough heat to reach dew point. Less than 10 inches a year Below freezing all year - Many months below zero Snow and ice constantly cover this area (as much as 2 miles thick) 60 - 90° in the High Latitudes (Polar). Interior Greenland, Arctic Circle, & Antarctica Biome None – its too freakin’ cold!

12. varies with elevation – for every 1,000 feet in elevation the temperature decreases 3.5  mountain systems throughout the world. Himalaya, Andes, & Zagros affected by the Orographic Effect. Leeward dry – windward wet Biome Alpine The higher up you go, the colder it gets. As you go up in altitude you see less plants and more snow / ice.