1. Choose a material Wood Plastic Metal
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2. Permanent
Temporary

3. Boxes Adhesives Frames Butt Lap Rebate / Housing. Dovetail
Finger / Comb
Adhesives
Adhesives guide
Other measures
Frames
Mitre
Dowel
Mortise and tenon
Halving
Bridle joint

4. Mitre Joints
45 degree cut
Quick
adhesive
Mitre
block
Mitre Square

5. Dowell Joint Pros: Neat joint Simple joint
Strong if the correct glue is applied
Cons:
You have to be accurate when drilling the holes
A dowel joint is a butt joint
reinforced with wooden pegs.

6. Mortise and tenon ... Pros: Neat joint
Strong, rigid joint due to large gluing area
Most of the joint is hidden
Cons:
Difficult to cut the joints
Poor resistance to tension

7. Halving joint Pros: ... Relatively easy to make with hand tools
Large drying area
Reasonably strong
...
Cons:
Not as strong or as durable as mortise and tenon or dovetailed joints.

8. Butt Joint Pros: Easy to make Easy to use Cons:
Basic and weakest wooden joint
Only glue holding the wood together

9. Lap Joint Pros: Easy to make Easy to use Large gluing area
Available in a few varieties
Can be strengthened with dowels
Cons:
Weak joint
Can be broken quite easily

10. Rebate / Housing Joint Pros: Easy to make – you only make one section
Strong joint
Cons:
Accuracy is essential as it’s related to strength

11. Dovetail Joint Pros: Strongest of all joints Large gluing area
Interlocking joint
If done accurately glue is not required
Attractive appearance
Cons:
Time consuming to produce
Joints have to be effectively done to be useful

12. Finger Joint Pros: Easy to make More surface area for gluing
Strong joint
Used for many applications
Nice appearance
Cons:
Joints have to be accurate to be useful
Time consuming due to amount of joints

13. Quick guide to adhesives

14. Nails Biscuit joints Biscuit are used to strengthen
joints, they are concealed within
other joints
Nails are used in conjunction with
Joints such as butt joints to
strengthen the joints

15. Types of wood screws Counter sunk screws:
These are added for additional strength.
they are countersunk to so they can be
disguised
Round head screw
These are used
for decoration
purposes
They can be
capped for
appearance

16. Screws vs nails!
Anyone who owns a hammer has at some point had to choose between a nail or screw. There are different reasons for preferring each, all of which have some validity:
The real reasons for choosing one over the other are more complex than what’s cheaper or what’s handy. New metals and coatings for nails also help blur the lines in terms of which is stronger or makes a better connection.
The difference between nails and screws is that screws have more tensile strength, while nails have more shear strength. Imagine you’ve taken a screw and a nail and inserted each halfway into a board. Then try to pry each of them out. The screw will resist your efforts more than the nail will. But take the same nail and screw inserted into the same board and hit each of them hard from the side with a hammer. The screw will likely break while the nail will only bend.
What does this mean when choosing a nail or screw? In a situation where a force such as weight or gravity is going to be bearing down on your fastener, a screw will resist separation better than a nail will. If, on the other hand, your project will be subject to flexing or side-to-side motion, such as a deck or framing, a nail is a better choice because it’s less likely to break.
Say you want to attach a piece of two-by-four to the garage wall so you can put hooks in it to hang tools. If you nailed the two-by-four to the studs, the weight hanging on the hooks would eventually pull the board away from the wall, so screws would be the better choice here. However, if you were attaching pieces of one-by-two to that same wall as framing for pegboard, you could nail the framing into the studs and then screw the pegboard through the frame into the studs. As the framing wouldn’t be weight-bearing, nails would do the job. Similarly, if installing a shelf, you would attach the shelf supports to the wall with screws, but you could nail the shelf down into the supports for stability.
Keep in mind that for any major projects, building codes may specify which fasteners are required.

17. Knock down fittings (KDF)
K.D.Fs are basically
alternative methods of
attaching materials.
Their biggest asset is that
they can be undone and
materials will come apart

18. Joining Techniques
Plastic

19. Permanent
Temporary

20. How many types of adhesives can you name

21. Permanent methods of joining
Contact
adhesives
Epoxy resin
Tensol
cement
Liquid solvent
cement

22. Quick guide to adhesives

23. How many temporary joining techniques can you name?
Nuts and bolts
How many temporary joining techniques can you name?
Self tapping screws

24. Joining Techniques
Metal

25. Permanent
Temporary

26. How many permanent methods of joining metal can you name?
Pop Rivets
Rivets
Welding
Brazing
Silver solder
Epoxy resin

27. Pop Rivets Pop riveting can be used to join sheet metal or Plastic.
Step 1: Drill a hole through the two materials
Step 2: The pop rivet is pushed through the hole
Step 3: Due to the squeezing of the handles on
rivet gun the pin head is pulled into the
rivet and the end of the rivet expands
Step 4: The motion breaks the pin and leaves the
rivet
rivet
Pin

28. Rivets Similar to pop riveting process, although it is a mechanical
process and is used to attach two materials together.
Normal uses are on ships and .

29. Welding
Thinking cap time:
What are the two common types of welding

30. ARC welding Arc welding uses an electrical arc to melt the
work materials as well as filler material called
the welding rod for welding joints

31. ARC welding process Step by step:
Attach a grounding wire to the welding material or other metal surface.
Attach another wire (known as an electrode lead) on to the material to be welded.
Once that lead is pulled away from the material, an electric arc is generated.
The arc then melts the work pieces along with the filler material that helps to join
the pieces
Quality control:
Feeding the filler into the welding joint takes steady hands and an eye for detail.
As the rod melts, the welder must continuously feed the filler into the joint using
small, steady, back-and-forth motions.
These motions are what gives welds their distinctive
appearance. Going too fast or slow, or holding the
arc too close or far away from the material can create poor welds.

32. MIG Welding (metal inert gas)

33. MIG Welding (metal inert gas)
The process:
During MIG welding the electric arc is formed
between an internal wire electrode and the
work piece metals. which heats the work piece
metal(s), causing them to melt, and join.
Along with the wire electrode, a shielding gas
is fed through the welding gun, which shields
the process from contaminants in the air
Quality control:
MIG welding is not normally completed
Outdoors due to the gas being used and
External factors like wind.

34. angle grinding or filing
Welding
Welding protective equipment
Types of welding joints
Quality control:
Excess material as a
result of the welding
can be removed via
angle grinding or filing

35. Brazing Brazing is used to join steel together by melting
brazing rods between the two pieces of metal
which are to be joined.
The process:
The steel is heated until red-hot and the brazing rod is
placed against the join. The brazing rod melts and flows
along the join.
Quality control:
Preparation of the two materials is vital. Both surfaces
have to be clean to ensure a clean braze. Metal now
Brazed is allowed to cool naturally and not quenched.

36. Hard soldering, silver soldering, brazing
Temperature range above 450 °C
Hard soldering, silver soldering, brazing
Hard soldering is called this because the solder
is an alloy of silver, copper and zinc. Several
small pieces of the solder are cut and placed
along the joint.
First the metal is heated to a dull red colour then
a small hot flame is used to melt the solder. Like
brazing the solder will flow along the joint.
Temperature range 90 to 450 °C
Soft soldering:
Electronic circuits
and plumbing

37. Epoxy Resin: An epoxy resin is an adhesive which forms as a result
of a chemical reaction between two resins, one of which is
a hardener.
A common brand of epoxy resin is Araldite.

38. Temporary joining techniques for metal
Nuts and bolts
Self tapping screws

39. Scan fittings Scan fittings are used to joining frames or the
sides of cabinets together.
These are strong enough to be either permanent
or temporary joints.
The cylinder is inserted into the first side of
a cabinet in a pre-drilled hole.
The screw is then pushed through the hole in
the second side until it meets the cylinder.
It can then be tightened with a screw driver until
both sides of the cabinet pull together