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4. 100 200 300 400 500 Biochemistry HomeostasisPhotosynthesis Respiration Cell Reproduction

5. An iodine solution is placed on the cut side of a potato. Within seconds, a blue-black color appears. What is most likely occurring? A a positive test for proteins B a positive test for starches C a negative test for proteins D a negative test for starches A 100

6. B a positive test for starches A 100

7. RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound? A carbohydrate B lipid C nucleic acid D protein A 200

8. C nucleic acids A 200

9. Which is represented by the blue structure? A substrate B product C enzyme D complex This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex. Which is represented by the blue structure? A substrate B product C enzyme D complex A 300

10. A substrate A 300

11. What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction? A The reaction rate will increase. B The equilibrium of the reaction will be maintained. C The reaction rate will decrease. D The reaction will stop. A 400

12. A the reaction rate will increase A 400

13. Enzymes are classified as which of the following biological organic compounds? A carbohydrates B lipids C nucleic acids D proteins A 500

14. D proteins A 500

15. A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped? A osmosis B photosynthesis C protein synthesis D respiration B 100

16. C protein synthesis B 100

17. Which is the most likely function of a group of cells that contains a high number of chloroplasts? A respiration B transpiration C fermentation D photosynthesis B 200

18. D photosynthesis B 200

19. Some organelles have their own DNA that is distinct from the cell’s nuclear DNA. This is true of which organelle? A cell wall B mitochondrion C plasma membrane D vacuole B 300

20. B mitochondrion B 300

21. Why do cells need buffering agents? A to maintain constant internal environment at a pH of 10 B to minimize the changes in pH of the internal environment C to function properly in an extremely basic internal environment D to function properly in an extremely acid internal environment B 400

22. B to minimize changes in pH in the internal environment B 400

23. Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break down the sugar lactose. Which term best describes lactase? A enzyme B fatty acid C lipid D starch B 500

24. A enzyme B 500

25. Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition? A Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion. B Water entered the cells of the lettuce by osmosis. C Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce cells. D Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the cells. C 100

26. B water entered the cells C 100

27. Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient? A diffusion B facilitated diffusion C osmosis D active transport C 200

28. D active transport C 200

29. A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which has occurred? A The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. B The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. C The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. D The water in the gums has moved from a high to a low concentration of water. C 300

30. D the water has moved from a high to a low concentration C 300

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32. Which is an example of osmosis? A potassium ions moving in and out of an animal cell B carbon dioxide moving into the leaf cells of a plant C oxygen moving into the bloodstream from the lungs D water moving into the root cells of a plant C 400

33. D water moving into the root cells of a plant C 400

34. In humans, glucose is kept in balance in the bloodstream by insulin. Which concept does this best illustrate? A adaptation B homeostasis C metabolism D organization C 500

35. B homeostasis C 500

36. A plant species lives in an area with limited sunlight. Which physical adaptation would be most useful to the plant? A colorful flowers B large leaves C deep roots D thin cuticle D 100

37. B large leaves D 100

38. What is the main function of leaves? A Leaves provide support for growth and a place to store food. B Leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur. C Leaves absorb water and minerals and transport nutrients to the stem. D 200

39. B leaves provide a place for photosynthesis to occur D 200

40. In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. B Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. C Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. D Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. D 300

41. D Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. D 300

42. Which kingdoms have photosynthetic organisms? A fungi and plants B fungi and protists C protists and plants D plants and animals D 400

43. C protists and plants D 400

44. Which structure in the leaf controls the opening and closing of the stoma? A cuticle B epidermis C guard cell D spongy mesophyll D 500

45. C guard cells D 500

46. Which organism is most likely to use anaerobic respiration? A bird B moss C tree D yeast E 100

47. D yeast E 100

48. Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that Species X always produces CO 2 and H 2 O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO 2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A Only Species Y is aerobic. B Only Species Y is anaerobic. C Both Species X and Y are aerobic. D Both Species X and Y are anaerobic. E 200

49. B only species Y is anaerobic E 200

50. In terms of ATP production, which process results in the most stored energy? A aerobic respiration B anaerobic respiration C fermentation D photosynthesis E 300

51. A aerobic respiration E 300

52. Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from anaerobic respiration? A Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation. B Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria. C Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen. D Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide. E 400

53. C only aerobic respiration requires oxygen E 400

54. Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration? A Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration. B Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration. C Only anaerobic respiration produces measurable amounts of ATP. D Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP. E 500

55. A aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration E 500

56. Sexual reproduction provides for what to occur? A cloning B budding C genetic stability D genetic variation F 100

57. D genetic variation F 100

58. Which would most likely favor species survival in changing environmental conditions? A genetic recombination B energy involvement in gamete production C length of life cycle D number of offspring produced F 200

59. A genetic recombination F 200

60. Before a cell goes through either mitosis or meiosis, which process must be carried out by the DNA in the nucleus? A replication B nondisjunction C transcription D translation F 300

61. A replication F 300

62. Which term best describes the type of cell division in which parent cells produce daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cells? A mitosis B meiosis C spermatogenesis D oogenesis F 400

63. A mitosis F 400

64. What is the primary cause of variation in the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms? A cytoplasmic division B environmental changes C mutation D recombination of alleles F 500

65. D recombination of alleles F 500

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