1. Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Chapter C2

2. Nonrenewable Resources (#1)  Useful minerals and other materials that people take from the Earth are called ____________ ___________  A __________ _________ is a resource that cannot be replaced once it is used up  Nonrenewable resources take ___________ of years to form  _______ and __________ resources are nonrenewable  __________ are used to make silicone chips for computers, metals such as aluminum, copper, silver and gold. They also include _______ such as diamonds and emeralds  Mineral deposits from rocks can become hot and flow through cracks in cooler rocks, forming deposits called _________. Minerals such as _______ and __________ can be found in veins  Useful minerals and other materials that people take from the Earth are called ____________ ___________  A __________ _________ is a resource that cannot be replaced once it is used up  Nonrenewable resources take ___________ of years to form  _______ and __________ resources are nonrenewable  __________ are used to make silicone chips for computers, metals such as aluminum, copper, silver and gold. They also include _______ such as diamonds and emeralds  Mineral deposits from rocks can become hot and flow through cracks in cooler rocks, forming deposits called _________. Minerals such as _______ and __________ can be found in veins

3. Nonrenewable Resources (#2)  Mineral deposits can also form in _________, and as it cools, heavy materials sink and form deposits rich in ________, such as iron and nickel  Mineral deposits are spread out _________ throughout the Earth, and thus countries often ________ to get the resources they need  _______ is another example of a nonrenewable resource  Minerals go back into the soil when plants and animals ______ and __________  People can destroy soil by __________ it, or by putting certain ____________ on it  It takes _____________ of years to replace a few centimeters of soil  Mineral deposits can also form in _________, and as it cools, heavy materials sink and form deposits rich in ________, such as iron and nickel  Mineral deposits are spread out _________ throughout the Earth, and thus countries often ________ to get the resources they need  _______ is another example of a nonrenewable resource  Minerals go back into the soil when plants and animals ______ and __________  People can destroy soil by __________ it, or by putting certain ____________ on it  It takes _____________ of years to replace a few centimeters of soil

4. Renewable and Reusable Resources  A ____________ resource is one that the Earth produces new amounts of at the same rate as they are used  Most _________ are renewable resources, but only if new trees are allowed to grow  Important products such as _________, __________, ________, and turpentine come from forests  Resources such as _______ and ______ are not renewable and can be used over and over. We call them ____________ resources  Natural cycles such as the ________ _______ renew the Earth’s reusable resources  Sun __________ water from the Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and as it _______, water vapor ___________, forming clouds  Although reusable resources cannot be used up, they can be ___________  During ___________, water loses any pollution it may have picked up. But, _________ and _________ pick up any pollution in the air  A ____________ resource is one that the Earth produces new amounts of at the same rate as they are used  Most _________ are renewable resources, but only if new trees are allowed to grow  Important products such as _________, __________, ________, and turpentine come from forests  Resources such as _______ and ______ are not renewable and can be used over and over. We call them ____________ resources  Natural cycles such as the ________ _______ renew the Earth’s reusable resources  Sun __________ water from the Earth’s surface into the atmosphere and as it _______, water vapor ___________, forming clouds  Although reusable resources cannot be used up, they can be ___________  During ___________, water loses any pollution it may have picked up. But, _________ and _________ pick up any pollution in the air

5. Fossil Fuels  _______, ________ ______, and ____________ are valuable resources known as fossil fuels  They are called fossils fuels because they formed from the _______ of once-living _________  Fossil fuels are ___________ resources  __________ a fossil fuel releases large amounts of ________ and so are widely used  Fossil fuels are found in many places and the technology for ________ fossil fuels has improved and thus increased their use  Coal is used to make __________  ____________, made from petroleum, are found in medicines, makeup, paints and plastics  _______, ________ ______, and ____________ are valuable resources known as fossil fuels  They are called fossils fuels because they formed from the _______ of once-living _________  Fossil fuels are ___________ resources  __________ a fossil fuel releases large amounts of ________ and so are widely used  Fossil fuels are found in many places and the technology for ________ fossil fuels has improved and thus increased their use  Coal is used to make __________  ____________, made from petroleum, are found in medicines, makeup, paints and plastics

6. Energy from the Sun (#1)  __________ fossil fuels releases energy that came form the ______  The energy was stored in ______ of ancient __________ that were buried in ________ millions of years ago  So, coal, natural gas, and petroleum are found in layers of __________ rock  _________ is the world’s most widely used fossil fuel and produces a lot of ______ when it is burned  Petroleum is mainly used for ___________ because it is easier to ________ and ________ than coal and natural gas  The petroleum used today formed when microorganisms ________ and fell to the bottom of ancient _______  Over many years, layer upon layer of _________ covered them and deep within the Earth there is a lot of _______ and ________ and this helped change their decaying ________ into petroleum and natural gas  __________ fossil fuels releases energy that came form the ______  The energy was stored in ______ of ancient __________ that were buried in ________ millions of years ago  So, coal, natural gas, and petroleum are found in layers of __________ rock  _________ is the world’s most widely used fossil fuel and produces a lot of ______ when it is burned  Petroleum is mainly used for ___________ because it is easier to ________ and ________ than coal and natural gas  The petroleum used today formed when microorganisms ________ and fell to the bottom of ancient _______  Over many years, layer upon layer of _________ covered them and deep within the Earth there is a lot of _______ and ________ and this helped change their decaying ________ into petroleum and natural gas

7. Energy from the Sun (#2)  Natural gas is mostly a gas called __________ and is used mostly for _______ and ________  _______ is the most common fossil fuel and comes from ________ that lived in swamps ________ of years ago  Mud and other ________ covered their remains at the bottom of swamps and slowly the plants changed into ______  The United States has large deposits of ______ and _________ _________  Natural gas is mostly a gas called __________ and is used mostly for _______ and ________  _______ is the most common fossil fuel and comes from ________ that lived in swamps ________ of years ago  Mud and other ________ covered their remains at the bottom of swamps and slowly the plants changed into ______  The United States has large deposits of ______ and _________ _________

8. Energy from the Sun (#3)  The United States uses so much petroleum that some is ________ from Saudi Arabia and Nigeria  _________ _________ stations use most of the _______ mined in the United States and have found ways to control ___________  The world is slowing running out of ________ _______ and are starting to use more ___________ resources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric energy  The United States uses so much petroleum that some is ________ from Saudi Arabia and Nigeria  _________ _________ stations use most of the _______ mined in the United States and have found ways to control ___________  The world is slowing running out of ________ _______ and are starting to use more ___________ resources, such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric energy

9. Coal Formation  As coal forms, it goes through ______ stages, and the amount of ______ increases at each stage  Stage 1: _______ formation, which is a soft, brown material made up of partly _________ plants that forms in ________  Stage 2: ________ is produced from peat, which is a soft, brown _______ and as layers of sand and mud build up their weight squeezes __________ out of the peat, turning it into a soft rock  Stage 3: __________ forms and is a fairly hard, dark brown, or black ________. Millions of years of _______ and _________ of even more layers of sediment turn __________ into bitumen  __________ is the most common type of coal mined and used today  Stage 4: Bitumen becomes _________, which is a hard, black rock formed under great heat and pressure and is almost pure ________  As coal forms, it goes through ______ stages, and the amount of ______ increases at each stage  Stage 1: _______ formation, which is a soft, brown material made up of partly _________ plants that forms in ________  Stage 2: ________ is produced from peat, which is a soft, brown _______ and as layers of sand and mud build up their weight squeezes __________ out of the peat, turning it into a soft rock  Stage 3: __________ forms and is a fairly hard, dark brown, or black ________. Millions of years of _______ and _________ of even more layers of sediment turn __________ into bitumen  __________ is the most common type of coal mined and used today  Stage 4: Bitumen becomes _________, which is a hard, black rock formed under great heat and pressure and is almost pure ________

10. Petroleum and Natural Gas  Petroleum and natural gas are found only in _________ rock  Geologists can identify ______ structures that are likely to hold petroleum and natural gas  Since the microorganisms that formed lived in ______, many petroleum and natural deposits are found _____ ______  ___________ drilling takes place from huge platforms built over the water  When a drill locates a deposit of petroleum or natural gas, the petroleum has to be _________ to the ground  Sometimes the petroleum is under such great pressure that it _________ to the surface and lead to the waste of valuable petroleum  Petroleum and natural gas are found only in _________ rock  Geologists can identify ______ structures that are likely to hold petroleum and natural gas  Since the microorganisms that formed lived in ______, many petroleum and natural deposits are found _____ ______  ___________ drilling takes place from huge platforms built over the water  When a drill locates a deposit of petroleum or natural gas, the petroleum has to be _________ to the ground  Sometimes the petroleum is under such great pressure that it _________ to the surface and lead to the waste of valuable petroleum

11. Making Choices  Earth’s population is _______, but the amounts of _______ _______ are not  Each choice and decision we make has only a small effect on _______ ______ but the choices have a big effect over _______  Earth’s population is _______, but the amounts of _______ _______ are not  Each choice and decision we make has only a small effect on _______ ______ but the choices have a big effect over _______

12. Changing Behaviors  The simplest way to conserve nonrenewable natural resources is to ________ _________ resources  Saving renewable and reusable resources from damage includes keeping them free from ____________  Renewable resources need protection from __________  Limiting ___________ through laws and protecting __________ that provide habitats for animals is essential  The simplest way to conserve nonrenewable natural resources is to ________ _________ resources  Saving renewable and reusable resources from damage includes keeping them free from ____________  Renewable resources need protection from __________  Limiting ___________ through laws and protecting __________ that provide habitats for animals is essential

13. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle  It takes __________ trees each week just to make paper for Sunday newspapers  One way to conserve resources is to ________ the amounts that are used  Using less energy conserves ________ _________; using less paper conserves __________; using fewer bottles and cans conserves ____________  Many things that can’t be reused can be __________, which is the process of taking back a _________ used to make a product  Recycling aluminum cans saves both _________ and _______ as making cans from recycled aluminum uses much less ________ than making cans from bauxite does  It takes __________ trees each week just to make paper for Sunday newspapers  One way to conserve resources is to ________ the amounts that are used  Using less energy conserves ________ _________; using less paper conserves __________; using fewer bottles and cans conserves ____________  Many things that can’t be reused can be __________, which is the process of taking back a _________ used to make a product  Recycling aluminum cans saves both _________ and _______ as making cans from recycled aluminum uses much less ________ than making cans from bauxite does