Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com1.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com1

3 The Water Efficiency (WE) category addresses efficiency and reduction of potable water for:  Indoor use  Outdoor use  Specialized uses  Metering Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com4 Potable Water - water that meets or exceeds U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking water quality standards (or a local equivalent outside the U.S.) and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com5 On-site Non-potable Water Use Collection, treatment, and reuse of alternative water supplies. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com6 Alternative Water Sources Available On-site Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

8 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Key Water Quality Parameters pH is a measure of the acidic or basic (alkaline) nature of a solution. pH can be used to gauge wastewater treatment efficacy and the corrosion potential of the water in the distribution system. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) is a measurement of total solid materials, both organic and inorganic, that are suspended in water and one of the main indicators of the quantity of pollutants present. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are emitted as gases from certain solids or liquids. VOCs include a variety of chemicals, some of which may have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Total Coliform or E. Coli are indicators of microbial contamination (bacteria and viruses). UV, chlorine, and ozone disinfection are highly effective at removing microbes and the associated public health risk.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com9 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview Key Water Quality Parameters Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by biological organisms in a body of water in which the contribution from nitrogenous bacteria has been suppressed. CBOD can be used to gauge the effectiveness of biological wastewater treatment. Turbidity is a measure of water clarity and is a useful indicator of the likelihood that the water may be contaminated with pathogens. Filtration processes are highly effective at removing turbidity. Chlorine residual in the water indicates that: 1) a sufficient amount of chlorine was added to inactivate bacteria and some viruses; and, 2) the water is protected from recontamination during storage.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com11 Water Efficiency Goals  Infiltrate rainwater on site to recharge the local aquifer.  Use water more efficiently.  Reduce the buildings water demand from indoor water (used by fixtures, appliances, and processes, such as cooling),and irrigation water.  Install building level water meter and submeters to track consumption and identify issues. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com12 Helpful Documentation Site plans: Plans are used to document the location and size of vegetated areas and the locations of meters and submeters. Within the building, floorplans show the location of fixtures, appliances, and process water equipment (e.g., cooling towers, evaporative condensers), as well as indoor submeters. The same documentation can be used in credits in the Sustainable Sites category. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com13 Fixture cutsheets: Projects must document their fixtures (and appliances as applicable) using fixture cutsheets or manufacturers’ literature. This documentation is used in the Indoor Water Use Reduction prerequisite and credit. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com14 Alternative water sources: A project that includes graywater reuse, rainwater harvesting, municipally supplied wastewater (purple pipe water), or other reused sources is eligible to earn credit in: WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use, and WE Credit Water Metering. But the team cannot apply the same water to multiple credits unless the water source has sufficient volume to cover the demand of all the uses (e.g., irrigation plus toilet-flushing demand). Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com15 Occupancy calculations: The Indoor Water Use Reduction prerequisite and credit require projections based on occupants’ usage. The Location and Transportation and Sustainable Sites categories also use project occupancy calculations. Review the occupancy section in Getting Started to understand how occupants are classified and counted. Also see WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction for additional guidance specific to the WE section. Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com16 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com17 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com18 Water Efficiency (WE) Overview 30% 20% 50% 100% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% ≥ 55%

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com19 Intent To reduce outdoor water consumption. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com20 Requirements Reduce outdoor water use through one of the following options. Exclude - non-vegetated surfaces, including permeable and impermeable pavement. Include - vegetated playgrounds, athletic fields, food gardens, and urban agricultural areas at project’s discretion. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com21 Option 1. No Irrigation Required Permanent irrigation not required beyond a maximum two-year establishment period. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com22 Option 2. Reduced Irrigation 30% reduction from baseline for site’s peak watering month. Reduction attributed to: 1.Plant species selection 2.Irrigation system efficiency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense Water Budget Tool. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com23 Additional Information to Consider  Native, adapted, drought-tolerate plants. Require less fertilizer and fewer chemical pesticides.  Projects with no landscape area are exempt from this prerequisite.  WaterSense Water Budget Tool automatically derives rainfall and evapotranspiration (ETo) in inches per month for the critical month of the year, based on the project’s zip code.  Minimize the use of turf (athletic playing fields).  Artificial turf may not count.  No credit is given for alternative water sources in this prerequisite. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com24 xeriscaping landscaping that does not require routine irrigation. http://epa.gov/watersense/outdoor/what_to_plant.html WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com25 ETo, a measurement of water lost from a well maintained expanse of average-height green grass and the surrounding soil, varies with a location’s sunshine, wind, humidity, and temperature. Hot, dry, and windy locations have higher ETo values than cool, humid locations. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com26 Cooling tower blowdown the water discharged from a cooling tower typically because increased salinity or alkalinity has caused scaling. Cooling tower blowdown may be too saline for use in landscape irrigation. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com27 Example: Rockville, Maryland The location is a typical suburban community in Maryland. Its zip code is 20852. The team uses the EPA WaterSense Water Budget Data Finder:EPA WaterSense Water Budget Data Finder  Enter Zip Code: 20852  Peak Month: Jun  ET o Value: 6.27 inches/month  Rainfall: 3.10 inches/month Access the EPA Interactive Water Budget Tool: http://www.epa.gov/watersense/water_budget/application.html WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com28 WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com32 Example: Rockville, Maryland The landscape water allowance (30% below baseline minimum) equals 43,771 gallons a month. The LWR for this design in this location is 16,873 gallons a month. The total savings from the baseline amounts to 73%. Since only 30% is required to meet the prerequisite, the project easily achieves compliance. WE Prerequisite Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com33 Intent To reduce indoor water consumption. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com34 Requirements Building Water Use 20% reduction from baseline for fixtures and fitting shown in Table 1. All newly installed toilets, urinals, private lavatory faucets, and showerheads that are eligible for labeling must be WaterSense labeled. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com35 *WaterSense label available for this product type gpf = gallons per flush gpm = gallons per minute psi = pounds per square inch WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 1. Baseline water consumption of fixtures and fittings Fixture or fittingBaseline (IP units) Toilet (water closet)*1.6 gpf Urinal*1.0 gpf Public lavatory (restroom) faucet0.5 gpm at 60 psi all others except private applications Private lavatory faucet2.2 gpm at 60 psi Kitchen faucet (excluding faucets used exclusively for filling operations) 2.2 gpm at 60 psi Showerhead*2.5 gpm at 80 psi per shower stall

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com36 Appliance and Process Water Use Install appliances, equipment, and processes within the project scope that meet the requirements listed in the tables below. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 2. Standards for appliances ApplianceRequirement Residential Clothes WasherENERGY STAR or performance equivalent Commercial Clothes WasherCEE Tier 3A Residential Dishwasher (standard and compact)ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent Prerinse spray valve ≤ 1.3 gpm Ice machine ENERGY STAR or performance equivalent and use either air-cooled or closed-loop cooling, such as chilled or condenser water system

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com37 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 3. Standards for processes ProcessRequirement Heat rejection and cooling No once-through cooling with potable water for any equipment or appliances that reject heat Cooling towers and evaporative condensers Equip with  makeup water meters  conductivity controllers and overflow alarms  efficient drift eliminators that reduce drift to maximum of 0.002% of recirculated water volume for counterflow towers and 0.005% of recirculated water flow for cross-flow towers

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com38 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 4. Standards for appliances Kitchen equipmentRequirement (IP units) Dishwasher Undercounter≤ 1.6 gal/rack Stationary, single tank, door ≤ 1.4 gal/rack Single tank, conveyor≤ 1.0 gal/rack Multiple tank, conveyor≤ 0.9 gal/rack Flight machine≤ 180 gal/hour Food Steamer Batch≤ 6 gal/hour/pan Cook-to-order≤ 10 gal/hour/pan Combination Oven Countertop or stand≤ 3.5 gal/hour/pan Roll-in≤ 3.5 gal/hour/pan Healthcare, Retail, Schools, and Hospitality Only In addition, water-consuming appliances, equipment, and processes must meet the requirements listed in Tables 4 and 5.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com39 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 5. Process requirements ProcessRequirement Discharge water temperature tempering Where local requirements limit discharge temperature of fluids into drainage system, use tempering device that runs water only when equipment discharges hot water OR Provide thermal recovery heat exchanger that cools drained discharge water below code-required maximum discharge temperatures while simultaneously preheating inlet makeup water OR If fluid is steam condensate, return it to boiler Venturi-type flow-through vacuum generators or aspirators Use no device that generates vacuum by means of water flow through device into drain

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com40 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider  The WaterSense label was developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to identify these efficient fixtures and ensure that higher efficiency does not come at the cost of performance.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com41 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider  Alternative or nonpotable water sources that offset potable water demand are addressed in the corresponding credit.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com42 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider  Using aerators is an acceptable water savings strategy. Newly installed aerators or flow restrictors added to private lavatories or showers must be WaterSense labeled.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com43 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Additional Information to Consider  Duration-based savings from autocontrol faucets with automatic fixture sensors or metering controls are no longer allowed in the design case. Studies have shown that autocontrol faucets do not save water because users frequently reactivate the faucet after initial use or stop washing before the cycle ends.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com44 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC  Sinks can be defined as public, private, kitchen, or process, depending on use and location.  Ice machines that are ineligible for the ENERGY STAR label—for example, ice machines within refrigerators—do not need to comply with the prerequisite requirement.  Describe the cooling tower or evaporative condenser system, and address the meters, controllers, alarms, and features indicated in the credit requirements.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com45 Compliance Path 1 Compliance is documented through product cutsheets or fixture schedules. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com46 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 6. Maximum installed flush or flow rates for prescriptive path Fixture or fitting Maximum installed flush or flow rate Threshold below code baseline Toilet (water closet)*1.28 gpf20% Urinal*0.50 gpf50% Public lavatory (restroom) faucet0.40 gpm20% Private lavatory faucets*1.50 gpm32% Kitchen faucet1.75 gpm20% Showerhead2.00 gpm20% * The WaterSense label is available for this fixture type. **The average flush rate for dual-flush toilets must be calculated as the average flush volume of one full flush and two reduced flushes, using a 1:2 (high flush:low flush) ratio. gpf = gallons per flush gpm = gallons per minute

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com47 Compliance Path 2 Usage-Based Calculation is for projects that cannot demonstrate the 20% reduction for each fixture, based on manufacturers’ documentation. Using the indoor water use calculator provided by USGBC, the project team must perform calculations to show that, in aggregate, the fixtures comply with prerequisite requirements. Projects pursuing points under WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction must use this compliance path. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com48 Indoor Water Use Calculator Requires:  Project occupancy - Count occupants consistently across all LEED credits.  Gender ratio - The default gender mix is half male and half female (50:50).  Days of operation - The default number of days of operation per year is 365.  Fixture types used in the project. Note: Gender ratio affects water usage only when urinals are installed. WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com49 WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com50 Excluded Water-Using Equipment Appliances and equipment that use water on materials intended for human consumption may be excluded:  Bread and produce misters  Soda machines  Coffee-making machines  Fixtures used to fill sinks for washing produce WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com51 Process water sink fixtures that are excluded: Specialized  Janitor sinks  Laboratory sinks regulated for medical or industrial purposes Commercial kitchens (food service)  Commercial kitchen (food service) sinks and prep sinks, including pot filling sinks, wash- down, and cleaning sinks Health care  Surgical scrub sinks  Exam or procedure room sinks for clinical use  Medication room sinks General  Janitor closet sinks  Soiled utility room flushing rim sinks  Soiled utility room hand-washing sinks  Clean utility room hand-washing sinks WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com54 Project Variations Core and Shell  Include only plumbing fixtures, appliances, and process water installed as a part of the Core and Shell project’s scope of work.  If no eligible plumbing fixtures, appliances, and process water are installed as part of the Core and Shell project scope of work, the project automatically achieves this prerequisite. Schools For K–12 schools that close on weekends, holidays, and for eight weeks of school vacation, assume 195 days of operation. Mixed-Use Separate calculation if the spaces use different fixtures or have dramatically different patterns of occupancy. Additions Include all fixtures within the project boundary WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com56 Intent To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption. WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com57 Requirements Building Water Use  Install permanent water meters that measure the total potable water use for the building and associated grounds.  Meter data must be compiled into monthly and annual summaries; meter readings can be manual or automated. WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com58  Commit to sharing with USGBC the resulting whole-project water usage data for a five-year period beginning on the date the project accepts LEED certification or typical occupancy, whichever comes first.  This commitment must carry forward for five years or until the building changes ownership or lessee. WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com59 Additional Information to Consider Potable water end uses: Plumbing fixtures Cooling towers and evaporative condensers Laundering Dishwashing Indoor and outdoor water features Irrigation Exterior cleaning Manufacturing processes WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com60 Potable water sources that must be metered: Public water supply On-site well On-site potable water treatment system WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com61  If all water comes from a public water supply and the utility’s water meter provides monthly consumption data, that system’s meter meets the prerequisite requirements.  Project team may meet the prerequisite requirement by tracking water usage through monthly billing.  Begin tracking water use when the project achieves LEED certification or at occupancy, whichever occurs first.  Metering and data collection are the same for Core and Shell projects. WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com62 WE Prerequisite Building-Level Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Multifamily Residential Either use a whole-building meter or, provided all potable water uses are accounted for, aggregate data from submeters for each unit and common spaces. Additions A single meter that covers both old and new portions of the building may be installed, but submetering for the addition is encouraged.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com63 Intent To reduce outdoor water consumption. WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com64 Nonvegetated surfaces, such as permeable or impermeable pavement, should be excluded from landscape area calculations. Athletic fields and playgrounds (if vegetated) and food gardens may be included or excluded at the project team’s discretion. WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Requirements Reduce outdoor water use through one of the following options.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com65 Option 1. No Irrigation Required Permanent irrigation not required beyond a maximum two-year establishment period. WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com66 Option 2. Reduced Irrigation 50% reduction (1 point) or 100% reduction (2 points) from baseline for site’s peak watering month. Additional reductions beyond 30% may be achieved using any combination of: 1.Efficiency 2.Alternative water sources 3.Smart scheduling technologies (WaterSense labeled automatic 15% reduction) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) WaterSense Water Budget Tool. WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com67 Additional Information to Consider Rainwater Harvesting from Roof Gallons per 1 inch of rain = Roof area in ft 2 x 0.6 WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com68 Additional Reduction from Baseline for Smart Irrigation Controls  Count only irrigation controls whose smart-sensor technology meets the WaterSense criteria.  These controls result in an additional 15% reduction that project teams can take from the baseline. WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com69 Alternative Water Sources Reclaimed wastewater Graywater Swimming pool backwash filter Refrigeration system condensate Captured rainwater Stormwater and foundation drain water Steam system condensate Fluid cooler discharge Food steamer discharge Combination oven discharge Industrial process water Fire pump test water Municipally supplied treated wastewater Ice machine condensate WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Condensate and cooling tower blowdown in particular may have salinity levels precluding use for irrigation.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com70 Graywater Untreated household wastewater from: Bathtubs Showers Bathroom wash basins Clothes-washers and Laundry tubs WE Credit Outdoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC No Human Waste or Food Processing i.e. kitchen sinks and dishwashers

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com71 Intent To reduce indoor water consumption. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com72 Requirements Further reduce fixture and fitting water use from the calculated baseline in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction. Additional potable water savings can be earned above the prerequisite level using alternative water sources. Include fixtures and fittings necessary to meet the needs of the occupants. Some of these fittings and fixtures may be outside the project boundary. Points are awarded according to Table 1. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com73 Exemplary performance: Achieve ≥55% water use reduction. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 1. Points for reducing water use Percentage reductionPoints (NC, CS, DC, WDC)Points (S, R, HOS, HC) 25%11 30%22 35%33 40%44 45%55 50%6---

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com74 Schools, Retail, Hospitality, and Healthcare only Meet the percentage reduction requirements shown in Table 1. AND WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com75 Appliance and Process Water Install equipment within the project scope that meets the minimum requirements in Table 2, 3, 4, or 5. One point is awarded for meeting all applicable requirements in any one table. All applicable equipment listed in each table must meet the standard. Schools, Retail, and Healthcare projects can earn a second point for meeting the requirements of two tables. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com76 To use Table 2, the project must process at least 120,000 lbs of laundry per year. * Based on equal quantities of heavy, medium, and light soil laundry. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 2. Compliant commercial washing machines Washing machineRequirements (IP) On-premise, minimum capacity 2,400 lbs per 8-hour shiftMaximum 1.8 gals per pound*

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com77 To use Table 3, the project must serve at least 100 meals per day of operation. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 3. Standards for commercial kitchen equipment Kitchen equipmentRequirement (IP units) DishwasherUndercounterENERGY STAR Stationary, single tank, doorENERGY STAR Single tank, conveyorENERGY STAR Multiple tank, conveyorENERGY STAR Flight machineENERGY STAR Food SteamerBatch (no drain connection)≤ 2 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Cook-to-order (with drain connection) ≤ 5 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Combination ovenCountertop or stand≤ 1.5 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Roll-in≤ 1.5 gal/hour/pan including condensate cooling water Food waste disposer Disposer 3-8 gpm, full load condition, 10 minute automatic shutoff; or 1 gpm, no-load condition Scrap collectorMaximum 2 gpm makeup water PulperMaximum 2 gpm makeup water Strainer basketNo additional water usage

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com78 To use Table 4, the project must be a medical or laboratory facility. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 4. Compliant laboratory and medical equipment Lab equipmentRequirement (IP) Reverse-osmosis water purifier 75% recovery Steam sterilizer For 60-inch sterilizer, 6.3 gal/U.S. tray For 48-inch sterilizer, 7.5 gal/U.S. tray Sterile process washer0.35 gal/US tray X-ray processor, 150 mm or more in any dimension Film processor water recycling unit Digital imager, all sizesNo water use

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com79 To use Table 5, the project must be connected to a municipal or district steam system that does not allow the return of steam condensate. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction S, R, HOS, HC Table 5. Compliant municipal steam systems Steam systemStandard Steam condensate disposal Cool municipally supplied steam condensate (no return) to drainage system with heat recovery system or reclaimed water OR Reclaim and use steam condensate 100% recovery and reuse

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com80 Additional Information to Consider Alternatives to Potable Water: Municipally supplied reclaimed water (“purple pipe” water) Graywater Rainwater Stormwater Treated seawater Condensate Foundation dewatering water Used process water Reverse osmosis reject water WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com81 Untreated Water Sources Ineligible Raw water from naturally occurring surface bodies of water: Streams Rivers Groundwater Well water Water discharged from an open-loop geothermal system WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com82  When choosing alternative sources of water, target the uses that require the least treatment first.  In most cases, water can be reused outside the building (for irrigation) or inside (for toilet flushing) with minimal treatment, but other uses will require more energy- intensive treatment. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com83 process water water that is used for industrial processes and building systems, such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. It can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, clothes washing, and ice making. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com84 Core and Shell Include in the credit documentation all plumbing fixtures necessary to meet the occupants’ needs whether they will be installed as part of the project’s scope of work or not. A project team may earn credit for the efficiency of not-yet-installed future plumbing fixtures by submitting a legally binding tenant sales or lease agreement. WE Credit Indoor Water Use Reduction NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com85 Intent To conserve water used for cooling tower makeup while controlling microbes, corrosion, and scale in the condenser water system. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com86 Requirements For cooling towers and evaporative condensers, conduct a one-time potable water analysis, measuring at least the five control parameters listed in Table 1. Calculate the number of cooling tower cycles by dividing the maximum allowed concentration level of each parameter by the actual concentration level of each parameter found in the potable makeup water. Limit cooling tower cycles to avoid exceeding maximum values for any of these parameters. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 1. Maximum concentrations for parameters in condenser water ParameterMaximum level Ca (as CaCO 3 )1000 ppm Total alkalinity1000 ppm SiO 2 100 ppm Cl-250 ppm Conductivity2000 μS/cm

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com87 WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Table 2. Points for cooling tower cycles ParameterPoints Maximum number of cycles achieved without exceeding any filtration levels or affecting operation of condenser water system (up to maximum of 10 cycles) 1 Achieve a minimum 10 cycles by increasing the level of treatment in condenser or make-up water OR Meet the minimum number of cycles to earn 1 point and use a minimum 20% recycled nonpotable water 2

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com88 Additional Information to Consider To prevent buildup of deposits, cooling tower and evaporative condenser systems remove a portion of the water through a process called blowdown. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com89 Makeup water is then added to replace evaporative losses and blowdown volume. Cooling towers can therefore account for large portions of a building’s total water use. Increasing the number of cycles can save thousands of gallons of potable water during a building’s peak cooling periods. Only projects served by cooling towers or evaporative condensers are eligible for this credit. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com90 Equation 1. Cooling tower cycles Cycles of concentration = Acceptable maximum concentrations in condenser water Parameter concentrations in makeup water Limiting factor: Identify which concentration parameter has the fewest calculated cycles before it exceeds the maximum concentration. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com91 Cycles of Concentration  Cycles of concentration are the number of times that a volume of water can circulate through a cooling tower system before dissolved minerals become so concentrated (as water is lost to evaporation) that they precipitate and cause scaling—deposits that reduce the efficiency of the cooling system.  A higher number of cycles indicates better water efficiency because less makeup water is required. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com92 Nonpotable Sources should have low levels of dissolved solids. Good nonpotable water sources include the following: Air-conditioner condensate Rainwater Steam system condensate Food steamer discharge water Fire pump test water Ice machine condensate Other factors to consider are ease of transport to the cooling tower and required volume of makeup water. WE Credit Cooling Tower Water Use NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com93 Intent To support water management and identify opportunities for additional water savings by tracking water consumption. WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com94 Requirements Install permanent water meters for two or more of the following water subsystems, as applicable to the project: WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC Irrigation Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the irrigated landscaped area. Calculate the percentage of irrigated landscape area served as the total metered irrigated landscape area divided by the total irrigated landscape area. Landscape areas fully covered with xeriscaping or native vegetation that requires no routine irrigation may be excluded from the calculation. Indoor plumbing fixtures and fittings Meter water systems serving at least 80% of the indoor fixtures and fitting described in WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction, either directly or by deducting all other measured water use from the measured total water consumption of the building and grounds. Domestic hot water Meter water use of at least 80% of the installed domestic hot water heating capacity (including both tanks and on-demand heaters). Boiler with aggregated projected annual water use of 100,000 gallons or more, or boiler of more than 500,000 Btuh A single makeup meter may record flows for multiple boilers. Reclaimed water Meter reclaimed water, regardless of rate. A reclaimed water system with a makeup water connection must also be metered so that the true reclaimed water component can be determined. Other process water Meter at least 80% of expected daily water consumption for process end uses, such as humidification systems, dishwashers, clothes washers, pools, and other subsystems using process water.

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com95 Healthcare Projects only In addition to the requirements above, install water meters in any five of the following:  purified water systems (reverse-osmosis, de-ionized);  filter backwash water;  water use in dietary department;  water use in laundry;  water use in laboratory;  water use in central sterile and processing department;  water use in physiotherapy and hydrotherapy and treatment areas;  water use in surgical suite;  closed-looped hydronic system makeup water; and  cold-water makeup for domestic hot water systems. WE Credit Water Metering HC

Lori A. Brown, LEED AP BD+C – Power Jam Study!Lorisweb.com96 Additional Information to Consider  Metering water usage by subsystem helps facilities managers better gauge a building’s water efficiency.  Cooling tower submeters are addressed separately, under WE Prerequisite Indoor Water Use Reduction. WE Credit Water Metering NC, CS, S, R, DC, WDC, HOS, HC

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