1. E3/Land Office LOOKING TO THE SEA TO SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES Dr. Catherine Courtney Tetra Tech, Inc. February 24, 2016

2. IT’S A BIG OCEAN OUT THERE!

3. EEZS AND LARGE MARINE MANAGED AREAS http://bigoceanmanagers.org

4. IT’S MOSTLY ABOUT THE HUMAN DIMENSIONS Community/stakeholder engagement Cultural/customary values and tenure rights Economics/socioeconomics including non- monetary values Integration of traditional knowledge systems and management practices Capable institutions/effective governance

5. QUESTIONS FOR THIS SESSION Why focus on securing sustainable small-scale fisheries? What are open access issues in this blue development space? What is marine tenure and how can it help address issues of open access? How can we consider/strengthen marine and coastal programming?

6. WHY FOCUS ON SECURING SUSTAINABLE SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES? AttributesLarge-scale FisheriesSmall-scale Fisheries # people employed~ ½ million> 12 million Annual tons caught~ 30 million Annual tons fuel~37 million~5 million Annual tons of fish discarded 8 – 20 millionVery little Annual $ in subsidies25 – 27 billion5 – 7 billion

7. SUSTAINABLE SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES CAN SUPPORT MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES Biodiversity conservation Food security Sustainable & inclusive economic growth Conflict management & migration Climate resilience & adaptation Disaster mitigation Governance & rule of law

8. WORLD FISHERIES (BIG AND SMALL) ARE IN DECLINE BECAUSE OF POOR MANAGEMENT AND OPEN ACCESS World marine capture fisheries production from 1950 to 2010

9. WHAT ARE OPEN ACCESS ISSUES IN THIS BLUE DEVELOPMENT SPACE?

10. WHAT IS MARINE TENURE AND HOW CAN IT HELP ADDRESS ISSUES OF OPEN ACCESS? Tenure Rights & Responsibilities Exclusion Access/withdrawal Management Enforcement Alienation/transfer

11. GOOD PRACTICES IN RESPONSIBLE GOVERNANCE OF TENURE IN SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES Secure tenure rights Capable local tenure institutions Knowledge of the social-ecological system Configuration of rules Compliance with rules Effective co-management arrangements (Courtney and Jhaveri 2015) (Conservation and Community Investment Forum, 2013)

12. GLOBAL AWARENESS OF SCALE-SCALE FISHERIES AND MARINE TENURE

13. USAID LEADERSHIP IN TENURE LOOKS TO THE SEA SourcebookPrimer

14. HOW CAN WE CONSIDER/STRENGTHEN MARINE AND COASTAL PROGRAMMING? Draft primer contains guidance and job aids

15. PERSPECTIVES FROM THE FIELD Barbara Best – Senior Coastal Resource Management and Policy Specialist, Washington, DC Nathan Sage – USAID Environment Officer, Bangladesh Heather D’Agnes – USAID Environment Officer, Indonesia

16. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS What are opportunities for strengthening marine and coastal programming? What are opportunities for integrating marine tenure into project design?

17. THANK YOU! For more information contact: Stephen Brooks USAID E3/Land Land Tenure and Resource Governance Advisor sbrooks@usaid.gov