1. Reading comprehension Understanding the text 1.Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules. 2.The civilization of Greece and glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account; however, what the student could do was only one single utterance: “whoa!” without any specific comment.

2. Reading comprehension Understanding the text 3. Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency. They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary. And, the younger teachers themselves evidently have little knowledge of these vital structures of language. 4. Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with. 5. He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verb.

3. Reading comprehension Understanding the text 6. Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before. 7. The author use “road map” and “car” to describe grammar and vocabulary. Here, “road map” is considered as grammar and “car” as vocabulary. 8. Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection “whoa!” reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son; it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings.

4. Critical thinking 1.What are the most important factors that encourage students to learn English? Motivation family support Peer pressure Financial status Future career goal

5. Critical thinking 2. Do you think English grammar helps you a lot in learning English? Why or why not? English grammar helps a lot in the following: Order sentence correctly. Use words properly. Talk with other English speakers confidently. English grammar is of little help: Only gives rules that are hard to remember. Is not helpful in a real life setting due to the limited time to think and recall the rules. Not always applicable to the real language, especially idioms.

6. Critical thinking 3. In what ways can teachers improve the technique of teaching grammar? Use more communicative ways. Encourage a lot of interactions. Put sentence in a meaningful contexts

7. Critical thinking 4. How can students more effectively enlarge their vocabulary? Read more English from online sources. Listen to English radio/ watch English TV/ watch English online videos. Talk often with English speakers. Listen carefully and extensively. Use dictionary to look up unfamiliar words Use new words as often as possible

8. Critical thinking 5. How can you enhance your reading and writing skills in English? Read English newspapers, magazines, and books. Write English as often as possible. Write emails in English.

9. Language focus Words in use 3 1 condense 2 exceed 3 deficit 4 exposure 5 asset 6 adequate 7 competent 8 adjusting 9 precisely 10 beneficial

10. Word building 4 managerial editorial substance survival tradition margin consistency accuracy efficient recovery ministry assembly

11. Word building 5 1 editorial 2 recovery 3 accuracy 4 substance 5 managerial 6 margin 7 assembly 8 Ministry 9 survival 10 tradition 11consistency 12 efficient

12. Banked cloze 6 1 L 2 C 3 J 4 A 5 I 6 O 7 N 8 E 9 H 10 F

13. Expressions in use 7 1 feel obliged to 2 be serious about 3 run into 4 distinguish between 5 thrust upon Expressions in use 7 6 was allergic to 7 get lost 8 be attracted to 9 make sense 10 looked upon as

14. Translation 9 人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语 为第一语言的国家使用。 与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。 英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和 现代英语。 英语起源于公元 5 世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国， 他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。 在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。 从 17 世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。 欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。 今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互 联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。

15. Translation 10 Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers' personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that "seeing the calligrapher's handwriting is like seeing the person". As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world's treasure house of culture and art.