1. State and Local Concerns Notes Entry 6.4

3. The beginning (review) Do not copy Federalists: strong central gov’t Anti-federalists: state’s rights 10 th Amendment: –“All powers not delegated to the US are reserved for the states” ALL rights of citizens are not delegated –9 th Amendment

4. Issues Federalists papers Ratification of the Constitution –Bill of Rights added Alien and Sedition Acts –Illegal to speak out against central gov’t –State response: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, nullification State did not obey any law that was “unconstitutional”

5. States’ Rights in trade Review (do not copy) Slavery Compromise –Economy of the South –Federal gov’t could not regulate Gibbons vs Ogden –Interstate Commerce Act: federal government controls trade between states Napolitano on Beck: Montana 2nd Amendment and States Rights Part 1 (5-7- 09) - YouTubeNapolitano on Beck: Montana 2nd Amendment and States Rights Part 1 (5-7- 09) - YouTube

6. Civil War (do not copy) Civil War –Secession (leaving) of Southern States –Lincoln: “if I could hold the union together and let slavery continue, I would. If I could hold the union together and stop slavery, I would” –Breaking away of the South over states’ rights

7. 14 th Amendment (do not copy) 14 th Amendment –States: did not apply to private businesses, only federal Ex. Privately owned restaurants, hotels only federal offices –Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, discrimination

8. Hearts of Atlanta v US review (do not copy) Private businesses subject to the 14 th Amendment? 1964 Power of Congress to regulate private businesses and subject them to Title II which was the key point of the 14 th Amend.

9. Obamacare Government regulation of health care Affordable Care Act (ACA) Penalty on Americans who do not buy –Penalty or “tax”?: (technicality) –Precedent: Anti-Injunction Act 1867—cannot challenge a law until it goes into effect (2015)

10. Public Policy Gov’t response to an issue –Concern of citizens or interest groups: MADD Short or Long term plans? –Short (-10) Long (+10) Financing: –Property taxes: stable –Others fluctuate: Local sales tax, business licenses, user fees for parks, inspections, fines –http://www.osbm.state.nc.us/new_content/Citizen_Guide_to_Budget.pdfhttp://www.osbm.state.nc.us/new_content/Citizen_Guide_to_Budget.pdf

11. Education largest expenditure (money out) in county budgets. Problems: –Low test scores –Drop out rates: NC 37% drop out rate HHS among top 5 to raise graduation rates Solution –EOC testing, teacher workshops –School vouchers: school choice –Drivers license, work: not for under 18 if not in school

12. Housing Problems: crowded, poor sanitation, crime Solution: Section 8, Habitat for Humanity –Gentrification: beautifying center area of cities, homes, parks, property –Involve citizens of the area –Worst US Ghettos - YouTubeWorst US Ghettos - YouTube Crime: –Crowded jails, drop outs on streets –Solution: more policemen, mentoring

13. Environment Problems: pollution, waste (250 thousand tons/year in cities) Landfills Solution: clean Air Act –EPA –Recycling Land Use –Problems: pesticides, erosion, hazardous waste Solution: organic gardening, EPA