1. Therapeutic Diets
Chapter 11 – p

2. Overview
Therapeutic Diets – modifications of the normal diet that are used to improve specific health conditions
Normally prescribed by a doctor and planned by a dietician
Many patients will not like being on these diets
Appetite may be affected by anorexia (loss of appetite), weakness, illness, loneliness, self-pity, etc.

3. Regular Diet
Balanced diet usually used for the patient with no dietary restrictions
At times, it has a slightly reduced calorie content.
Desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings, fried foods decreased or omitted

4. Liquid Diet Clear liquids and full liquids
Served at body temperature
Nutritionally inadequate – used only for short periods
Clear liquid diet – apple/grape juice, fat-free broths, plain gelatin, fruit ice, ginger ale, tea, black coffee
Full liquid diet – clear liquids PLUS strained soups, fruit/veggie juice, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, eggnog

5. Liquid Diet
This diet is used after surgery, for patients with acute infections or digestive problems, to replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea, and before some x-rays of the digestive tract

6. Soft Diet
Similar to the regular diet, but foods require little chewing and be ready to digest.
Foods to avoid – meat, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried foods, raw fruit and veggies, nuts
Used following surgery or for patients with infections, digestive disorders, or chewing problems

7. Diabetic Diet Used for patients with diabetes mellitus
These patients do not produce enough insulin to metabolize carbohydrates  take insulin injections
Diet contains exchange lists tat group foods according to type, nutrients, and caloric content
Patients are allowed a certain number of foods from each exchange list according to their needs
Sugar heavy foods (candy, soda, desserts) are avoided

8. Diabetic Diet

9. Low- Calorie Diet For patients who are overweight
High calorie foods are avoided
No butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups, gravy, soft drinks, alcohol, fatty meat, candy, rich dessert

10. High-Calorie Diet
For patients who are underweight, anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer
Extra proteins and carbohydrates are included
High bulk foods (watermelon, fibrous fruits, green salads) are avoided – Why?
High fat foods are avoided because they digest slowly and spoil the appetite

11. Low Cholesterol Diet Restricts foods that contain cholesterol
Used for patients with arteriosclerosis and heart disease
Foods high in saturated fat (red meat, egg yolk, cheese, shellfish, whole milk) are limited

12. Fat-restricted Diet Also called low-fat diet
Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, nuts, fried foods, salad dressings
Used for obese patients or patients with gall bladder and liver disease or atherosclerosis

13. Sodium-Restricted Diet
Also called low-sodium or low-salt diet
Patients use lists similar to the exchange lists diabetics use
Avoid/limit adding salt, smoked meats, processed foods, pickles, olives, processed cheese
Used for patients with hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, and edema

14. Protein Diet Low-Protein High-Protein
For patients with kidney and renal disease
For growth delay in children, pregnant & lactating women, before/after surgery, burns, fevers, infections
Meats, fish, milk, cheeses, eggs

15. Bland Diet Easily digested foods that do not irritate digestive system
Avoid fried foods, highly seasoned foods, raw fruits/veggies, alcohol, soda
Used for patients with ulcers, colitis, other digestive diseases

16. Low-Residue Diet
Eliminates/limits foods that are high in bulk and fiber
Raw fruits and veggies, whole grain breads and cereals, nuts, seeds, beans, peas, fried foods
For patients with digestive and rectal diseases, such as colitis or diarrhea

17. Exit Slip
Identify the type of therapeutic diet that may be ordered for patients with the following conditions:
Gallbladder or liver disease
Diabetes mellitus
Hypertension or heart disease
Ulcers, colitis, or disease of the digestive tract
Pregnant or lactating women
Severe nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea