1. 1896-1914

2. 1st ____________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ is an important goal of the Canadian government

3. PUSH  Overpopulation in homeland  Crop failures  Starvation  Lack of land  Poverty  Persecution of religious beliefs  Political restrictions  Rigid social system PULL  Improved quality of life  Free farmland  Rising grain prices  Jobs  Resources (timber, fish, mining, gold)

4.  Promise of ___________ _____________________ _____________________  ___________________, Minister of the Interior, was in charge of encouraging settlers in the West  “_____________ policy”

5.  Sifton encouraged white _____________ and white ___________ to settle the lands  Immigrants from central and eastern Europe were in demand for their knowledge of ________ ____________________ ____________________

6.  Many Canadians were uncomfortable with the new immigrants because many of them did not speak __________ and had different ___________, ___________, and _________________

7.  Land was mapped out in townships (blocks)  Needed to raise $500 to buy a plough, wagon, horse, and a milk cow  Living conditions were primitive  Houses were called “soddies” because they were built with a wood frame and mud-covered sod; windows were covered with sacks and had a thatched roof  Houses were full of flies and fleas, smelled, and leaked  Cold winter, monotonous diet, drought, and grasshoppers

8. SUCCESSES  ___________ were the most successful: assimilated into Canadian culture, had farming experience, had more money  Some “________________” were adopted into new families FAILURES  ___________ immigrants were the least successful: they didn’t have the farming experience  Some “________________” were used as cheap labour and suffered abuse and unbearable living conditions

9.  Workers disliked the fact that immigrants accepted ___________ and poor working conditions, as well as _________ pay  ___________ Canada feared an influx of new cultures would change the “British” character of the country  ___________ Canada feared their culture wouldn’t last or be recognized as unique

10.  In 1905, ______________ became the new Minister of the Interior  New immigration policy: restricted non-White immigrants from _________, _________, and _________  Limited ________, ________ ____________, and ___________ immigrants

11.  In 1885, the first head tax was imposed on Chinese immigrants at a cost of $______  This tax eventually rose to $_______  By 1923, the tax was replaced with ______________ on all Chinese immigration

12.  In 1906, the Immigration Act was changed: all immigrants from Asia were now required to come to Canada by “______________ ________________”