1. Modeling Proteins, Fats & Carbohydrates INVESTIGATION

3. Activity 1→Proteins: 1. List 6 functions of proteins: 1) growth 2) maintenance of tissues 3) repair of tissues 4) manufacturing of enzymes 5) manufacturing of hormones 6) manufacturing of antibodies

4. Activity 1→Proteins: 2. List the 5 main elements (from the periodic table) that make up proteins: 1) carbon (C) 2) hydrogen (H) 3) oxygen (O) 4) nitrogen (N) 5) sulfur (S)

5. Activity 1→Proteins: 3. What determines the properties and functions of proteins? The properties & functions of proteins are determined by their shape & structure.

6. Activity 1→Proteins: 4a. What are the subunits that make up proteins? b. How are they joined to form proteins? c. How many types of subunits are there? d. Where do the subunits come from? a. The subunits that make up proteins are called amino acids. b. Amino acids are chemically linked together in long chains that subsequently coil & fold into complex shapes. c. There are 20 common aa’s. d. 11 can be manufactured in the body & the other 9 (essential aa’s) come from the diet.

7. Activity 1→Proteins: 5. List 6 high protein foods: 1) soybeans 2) milk products 3) eggs 4) meat 5) fish 6) beans

8. Activity 1→Proteins: 6. Name the following functional units of an amino acid: a. NH 2 = amino group b. α-C = alpha carbon c. COOH = carboxyl group d. R = side chain/functional group/R group

9. Activity 1→Proteins: 7. What makes one amino acid different from another? Amino acids differ from one another due to their side chains/functional groups.

11. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 8. Define monosaccharide and give an example. Monosaccharides are the simplest of carbohydrates, being made of a single sugar. Examples include glucose, fructose, & galactose.

12. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 9. Define disaccharide and give an example. Disaccharides are large structures consisting of 2 monosaccharide units joined together. Examples include sucrose & lactose.

13. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 10. Define polysaccharide and give two examples. Polysaccharides are larger structures consisting of many monosaccharide units joined together. Examples include starch, glycogen, cellulose, & chitin.

14. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 11. List the principle elements of carbohydrates: 1) carbon (C) 2) hydrogen (H) 3) oxygen (O) 4) sometimes nitrogen (N)

15. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 12. List 4 examples of carbohydrates: 1) starch 2) glycogen 3) cellulose 4) chitin

16. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 13. Define starch. Starches are carbohydrates produced by plants that are stored forms of energy.

17. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 14. Define glycogen. Glycogen, which is produced by animals, is a stored form of energy.

18. Activity 2→Carbohydrates: 15. List 4 high carbohydrate foods: 1) cereals 2) breads 3) fruits 4) vegetables

20. Activity 3→Lipids: 16. List three important families of lipids: 1) fats 2) phospholipids 3) steroids

21. Activity 3→Lipids: 17. What two smaller molecules make up a fat? Fats are large molecules assembled from 2 kinds of smaller molecules, glycerol & fatty acids.

22. Activity 3→Lipids: 18. List four functions of lipids: 1) concentrated form of energy 2) provide thermal insulation 3) provide structural components of shock- absorbing pads for organs, bones, & muscles 4) play an important role in the structural components of cells, such as in the membrane bilayer

23. Activity 3→Lipids: 19. List the principle elements of lipids and fats: 1) carbon (C) 2) hydrogen (H) 3) oxygen (O) 4) nitrogen (N) 5) phosphorus (P)

24. Activity 3→Lipids: 20. List 4 high fat foods: 1) nuts 2) butter 3) vegetable oils 4) cheeses