1. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Esp. Yenilce Cedeño S. EL USO DE LOS MODALES

2. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Dear student. Take some o your time for learning English. I would really appreciate you read this material. It will be helpful for your writing exercise. Thanks for your attention!!

3. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2

4. Use vocabulary and expressions to make arrangements for planning a trip. Giving advice and recommendations. Use modal verbs of advice in the affirmative and negative. OBJECTIVES

5. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Lucy: I want to backpack around Asia this summer. What do you think, mom? Mom: That sounds dangerous. You shouldn´t go alone. You ought to go with someone. You’d better talk to your father. You also need to take some money. Lucy: I have already talked to him. He gave me some traveler´s checks. Mom: Do you have everything ready? You must have a valid passport and get a visa for some countries. You also have to carry your identification with you. Lucy: You are right, mom. I also need to buy a map. Lucy: I want to backpack around Asia this summer. What do you think, mom? Mom: That sounds dangerous. You shouldn´t go alone. You ought to go with someone. You’d better talk to your father. You also need to take some money. Lucy: I have already talked to him. He gave me some traveler´s checks. Mom: Do you have everything ready? You must have a valid passport and get a visa for some countries. You also have to carry your identification with you. Lucy: You are right, mom. I also need to buy a map.

6. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 You ought to go with someone 1 You must have your passport 2 You shouldn´t go alone 3 You’d better talk to your father. 4 You also have to carry your identification with you. 5 You also need to buy a map. 6 Giving suggestions A Describing necessity C Expressing rules, obligation or a strong opinion B You ought to go with someone 1 You must have your passport 2 You shouldn´t go alone 3 You’d better talk to your father. 4 You also have to carry your identification with you. 5 You also need to buy a map. 6

7. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Modals to Express rules, obligation or a strong opinion Semi-modals to Express obligation and necessity Modals to Express Advice Semi-modals to express Advice MUSTHAVE TO HAD BETTER SHOULD OUGHT TO NEED TO MUST HAVE TO SHOULD NEED TO OUGHT TO HAD BETTER

8. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 EXPRESSING LACK OF NECESSITY You don`t have to get up early today. You don`t need to buy it. EXPRESSING PROHIBITION You shouldn’t speak to your teacher like that. You mustn’t start a fight. You ought not to speak to your teacher like that. EXPRESSING PROBABILITY It must have been love.

9. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Statements You must make sure your ticket under the exact name that appears on your ID. You should Review the guidelines for liquids and gels on your carry-on baggage page before your flight. You had better buy your ticket in advance to save money. Subject + MUST + base form + complement Subject + SHOULD + base form + complement Subject + HAD BETTER + base form + complement

10. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Statements You ought to make sure your ticket under the exact name that appears on your ID. You have to r eview the guidelines for liquids and gels on your carry-on baggage page before your flight. You always need to carry your personal documents with you. Subject + OUGHT + Infinitive form + complement Subject + HAVE + Infinitive form + complement Subject + Need + Infinitive form + complement

11. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 I need to speak to her. That must be Jerry. They said he was tall with bright red hair.. We ought to follow a diet. You’d better leave your bag here. I do not need to speak to her. That must not be Jerry. He is supposed to have red hair. We ought not to follow a diet. You had better not leave your bag here. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

12. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Things you can not do with modals and semi modals You must to check airline regulations all the time. (wrong) You must checking airline regulations all the time. (wrong) You must check airline regulations all the time. (right) √ You should to roll your clothes when packing. (wrong) You should rolled your clothes when packing. (wrong) You should roll your clothes when packing. (right) √ You do not ought to carry too much cash. (wrong) You not ought carry you much cash. (wrong) You ought not to carry much cash. (right) √ You do not had better carry too much cash. (wrong) You had better not to carry you much cash. (wrong) You had better not carry much cash. (right) √

13. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Questions and answers with Modals Must students wear sailor uniforms in Junior high schools in Japan? Yes, they must. Yes, they must wear sailor uniforms. No, they mustn't. Most schools have changed to Western styles. Should university students set goals? Yes, they should. Yes, they should set long and short term goals. No, they shouldn´t.

14. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Questions and answers with Semi-modals Do we need to arrive early for domestic flight? Yes, you do. Yes, you do. If you are not checking bags arrive at least 60 minutes before. Otherwise, you need to arrive 90 minutes before. No, you don`t. Do Japanese students have to learn Kanji in elementary school? Yes, they do. Yes, they have to use 2,136 Kanji daily. No, they don´t.

15. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Should expresses a recommendation that you may or may not follow. Had better warns you to do or not to do something in order to avoid a bad Consequence. Had better has a higher degree of urgency.

16. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 Problem 1: My sister hasn’t taken a vacation in five years. She is exhausted! Solution: She_____take a break and go somewhere exotic for a couple of weeks. Problem 2: Thomas' luggage has a torn zipper. Solution: Thomas____ buy new luggage. o Should o Ought to o Had better o Should o Ought to o Had better

17. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 o Should o Ought to o Had better o Should o Ought to o Had better Problem 3: Our car is very dirty. Solution: We____ wash our car. Problem 4: A police officer is behind me flashing his lights. Solution: You ________pull over quickly.

18. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 o Should o Ought to o Had better o Should o Ought to o Had better Problem 5: A little boy ran out into the street without looking both ways. Solution: That little boy _______ learn not to run into the street like that! Problem 6: I’m leaving for New York tomorrow but the airport was closed due to bad weather. I don’t know what to do... Solution: Maybe you ______ reschedule and get a flight for another day.

19. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 I will travel by British Airline and I need to take electrical devices. People say people suffer from Yellow Fever there. The airline only allows 20 kgs for economy class. I want to travel with flip- flops. They are more comfortable. You had better get a vaccination. You must turn them off while you are flying. Otherwise you will be banned. You ought no to wear sandals. it’s best to have a good set of sturdy shoes to protect your feet from sharp objects. You should not take a lot of luggage. 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 A A B B C C D D

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24. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2 http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/ought-to http://www.englishpage.com/modals/oughtto.html http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/had-better http://english-test.us/english-learning/index.php?page=GE2A&id=GE2A04

25. INVIL 90021 INGLÉS 2