1. Chapter Four Section 2 Committees of Correspondence Thomas Jefferson thought each colony should have one to communicate with other colonies about British activities. They helped to unify the colonies and coordinate plans for British resistance.

2. Chapter Four Section 2 British East India Company English tea company that was near bankruptcy until Lord North, GB PM, assisted them with the Tea Act of 1773. The colonial tea smugglers became worried that they would be forced out of business.

3. Chapter Four Section 2 The Boston Tea Party In December of 1773, tea ships from the British East India Company arrived in Boston. Young, drunk colonists dressed like Indians boarded the ships and dumped the British tea in the harbor.

4. Chapter Four Section 2 The Coercive Acts The Tea Party led the British to pass four new laws called the Coercive Acts. They were an attempt to stop colonial challenges to British authority. They violated several English rights, including the right to trial by jury & the right to NOT have to quarter troops in your house.

5. Chapter Four Section 2 The Intolerable Acts The Intolerable Acts The Quebec Act gave more territory to Quebec & stated that a governor & council appointed by the king would run Quebec. This meant that if the colonists settled further west they would be in a territory without an elected assembly. The Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act became known as the Intolerable Acts.

6. Chapter Four Section 2 The 1st Continental Congress The 1st Continental Congress The First CC met in Philadelphia in 1774. The 1 st CC wrote the Declaration of Rights & Grievances. They still expressed loyalty to the king.They still expressed loyalty to the king. They also condemned the Coercive Acts.They also condemned the Coercive Acts. Added that the colonies were forming a non- importation association.Added that the colonies were forming a non- importation association. Approved the Continental Association.Approved the Continental Association. It was a plan for every county & town to enforce a boycott of GB goods.It was a plan for every county & town to enforce a boycott of GB goods.

7. The Revolution Begins The Minutemen The Minutemen The Brits lost control of the colonies in 1774. Colonists created provincial congresses.Colonists created provincial congresses. Colonial militias raided royal military depots for ammunition and gunpowder.Colonial militias raided royal military depots for ammunition and gunpowder. It was Concord that created a special militia unit to fight the British at a minute ’ s warning; they called them minutemen.It was Concord that created a special militia unit to fight the British at a minute ’ s warning; they called them minutemen.

8. The Revolution Begins Patriots vs. Loyalists Patriots vs. Loyalists The Patriots (also called Whigs) did not only have to fight the Brits, but they also had to contend with the Loyalists, known as Tories. Loyalists/Tories were the colonists that remained loyal to the king & England. They included:Loyalists/Tories were the colonists that remained loyal to the king & England. They included: Government officialsGovernment officials LandownersLandowners Prominent officialsProminent officials A few farmers.A few farmers.

9. The Revolution Begins Patriots vs. Loyalists Patriots vs. Loyalists The Patriots/Whigs thought the Brits were tyrants. The Patriots/Whigs included: ArtisansArtisans FarmersFarmers MerchantsMerchants PlantersPlanters LawyersLawyers Urban workersUrban workers There was a third group that did NOT take sides, they were waiting for a winner.

10. The Revolution Begins Concord, Lexington & Paul Revere Concord, Lexington & Paul Revere In April of 1775, GB General Gage and his troops marched to Concord to capture the colonial militia ’ s supply depot. They had to pass through Lexington. Paul Revere & William Dawes went to Lexington to warn the minutemen that the Brits were coming. When the Brits arrived in Concord they found about 70 minutemen waiting for them. They slowed the Brits, but did not stop them.

11. The Revolution Begins Concord, Lexington & Paul Revere Concord, Lexington & Paul Revere Dr. Samuel Prescott rode on to Concord to warn the minutemen there that the Brits were coming to attack. When the Brits arrived in Lexington they found 400 minutemen armed and ready. The minutemen forced the Brits to retreat. The battles at Concord & Lexington became known as “ The Shot Heard ‘ Round the World. ”

12. The Revolution Begins The Second Continental Congress The Second Continental Congress After Lexington & Concord, the 2 nd CC met in Philadelphia to address the issue of defense. They voted to adopt the militia that was surrounding Boston as their army and named it the Continental Army. They appointed George Washington to the head of the Continental Army.

13. The Revolution Begins The Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill The Battle of Bunker Hill resulted in the colonials turning back two British advances. The colonial militia retreated when they ran out of ammunition. The Americans did NOT win, but they held the Brits to a stalemate. This was a major boost to their confidence. The untrained colonials stood their ground with the mighty British army.

14. The Revolution Begins Enter Independence By 1776, the Colonists were frustrated by GBs refusal to compromise. More and more Patriot leaders were calling for independence. In July of 1775, the Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to the king. They claimed they were still loyal to the king and did not want to go to war.

15. The Revolution Begins Enter Independence At the same time they sent the petition there was a colonial attack on the British troops at Quebec. This angered the king and convinced the Brits there was no chance at reconciliation. King George never even looked at the Olive Branch Petition.

16. The Revolution Begins Enter Independence Two Loyalist armies were organized to assist GB troops in Virginia. One was composed of white loyalist only. The other consisted of enslaved Africans that were promised freedom after the conflict by Great Britain if they supported the Loyalist. This convinced Southern planters that the colonies needed to declare their indepen- dence from Great Britain.

17. The Revolution Begins Enter Independence Patriot troops defeated the British at Norfolk, Virginia; Charles Town, South Carolina; and Boston, Massachusetts. In December 1775, the king ordered a blockade of the colonial ports. The Brits began recruiting mercenaries from Germany (Hessians).

18. The Revolution Begins Enter Independence Thomas Paine published Common Sense in January of 1776. It made a very persuasive argument for the colonies to declare their independence from Great Britain. In July of 1776 the Declaration of Indepen- dence was approved. It was written by Thomas Jefferson from Virginia. The American Revolution had begun.