1. Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Anatomical Structures

2. Foot and Ankle Overview Bones: –Tibia (Medial Malleolus) –Fibula (Lateral Malleolus) –Tarsals TalusCalcaneusNavicularCuboid 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd Cuneiforms –Metatarsals –Phalanges (Toes)

3. Muscles: –Extensor Digitorum Longus=Dorsi Flexion/Toe Ext. –Extensor Hallucis Longus=Dorsi Flexion/Big Toe Ext. –Tibialis Anterior=Dorsi Flexion/Inversion –Peroneus Tertius=Dorsi Flexion/Inversion –Peroneus Longus & Brevis=Plantar Flexion/Eversion –Gastrocnemius=Plantar Flexion (Knee Extended) –Soleus=Plantar Flexion (Knee Flexed) –Tibialis Posterior=Plantar Flexion/Inversion –Flexor Digitorum Longus=Plantar Flexion/Toe Flexion –Flexor Hallucis Longus=Plantar Flexion/Big Toe Flexion

4. Ligaments: –Anterior Tibiofibular –Anterior Talofibular –Calcaneofibular –Posterior Tibiofibular –Posterior Talofibular –Deltoids (Medial Side) Tendons: –Achilles Tendon

5. Bones 28 bones in the foot Toes = phalanges (14 bones) Sesamoids Metatarsals (5 bones) Cuboid, Navicular, Cuneiforms (3) Talus, Calcaneus

6. The Bones of the Foot

7. Arches of the Foot Longitudinal Arch Runs from Calcaneus to the Metatarsal Heads Acts as a shock absorber Base of the Feet are very important!

8. Longitudinal Arch

9. Ligaments What does a ligament do? What is the name for the injury to a ligament?

10. Lateral Ligaments Anterior Talofibular Ligament (ATF) Calcaneofibular Ligament (CF) Posterior Talofibular Ligament (PTF)

11. Lateral Foot Ligaments

12. Medial Ligaments Deltoid Ligament (4 ligaments make up 1)

13. Bones of Lower Leg TibiaFibula Medial malleolus (end of tibia) Lateral malleolus (end of fibula)

14. Bones of Lower Leg

15. Muscles of lower leg, ankle, & foot Gastrocnemius Soleus (Achilles Tendon) Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus and Peroneus Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus

16. Muscles of Lower Leg Structures

17. Muscles of Lower Leg

19. Interosseus Membrane

20. Nerve Supply Sciatic Nerve Tibial Nerve Deep Peroneal Nerve Superficial Peroneal Nerve

21. Nerve Supply

22. Blood Supply

23. Pes Planus or Cavus Pes Planus = flat footed Pes Cavus = high arch

24. Pes planus or cavus

25. The Gait Cycle Have you ever watched people walk? What do you notice? Do you think that this can leave people susceptible to injuries?

26. The Gait Cycle